Neuropathic pain is a common condition experienced by older adults. Prevalence estimates of neuropathic pain and descriptive data of pharmacologic management among nursing home residents are unavailable. We estimated the prevalence of neuropathic pain diagnoses and described the use of pain medications among nursing home residents with possible neuropathic pain. Using the Minimum Data Set 3.0 linked to Medicare claims for residents living in a nursing home on November 30, 2016, we included 473,815 residents. ICD-10 codes were used to identify neuropathic pain diagnoses. Identification of prescription analgesics/adjuvants was based on claims for the supply of medications that overlapped with the index date over a 3-month look-back period. The prevalence of neuropathic pain was 14.6%. Among those with neuropathic pain, 19.7% had diabetic neuropathy, 27.3% had back and neck pain with neuropathic involvement, and 25.1% had hereditary or idiopathic neuropathy. Among residents with neuropathic pain, 49.9% received anticonvulsants, 28.6% received antidepressants, 19.0% received opioids, and 28.2% had no claims for analgesics or adjuvants. Resident characteristics associated with lack of medications included advanced age, dependency in activities of daily living, cognitive impairment, and diagnoses of comorbid conditions. A diagnosis of neuropathic pain is common among nursing home residents, yet many lack pharmacologic treatment for their pain. Future epidemiologic studies can help develop a more standard approach to identifying and managing neuropathic pain among nursing home residents.

神经性疼痛是老年人的常见病症。疗养院居民中神经性疼痛的患病率估计和药物管理的描述性数据尚无。我们估计了神经性疼痛诊断的患病率，并描述了可能患有神经性疼痛的疗养院居民中止痛药物的使用情况。使用与 2016 年 11 月 30 日居住在疗养院的居民的医疗保险索赔相关的最低数据集 3.0，我们纳入了 473,815 名居民。 ICD-10代码用于识别神经性疼痛诊断。处方镇痛药/佐剂的识别是基于在 3 个月的回顾期内与索引日期重叠的药物供应声明。神经性疼痛的患病率为14.6%。在患有神经性疼痛的患者中，19.7%患有糖尿病性神经病，27.3%患有神经性受累的背部和颈部疼痛，25.1%患有遗传性或特发性神经病。在患有神经性疼痛的居民中，49.9%的人接受了抗惊厥药物治疗，28.6%的人接受了抗抑郁药物治疗，19.0%的人接受了阿片类药物治疗，28.2%的人没有要求使用镇痛药或辅助药物。与缺乏药物相关的居民特征包括高龄、日常生活活动依赖、认知障碍和合并症诊断。神经性疼痛的诊断在疗养院居民中很常见，但许多人缺乏针对疼痛的药物治疗。未来的流行病学研究可以帮助开发一种更标准的方法来识别和管理疗养院居民的神经性疼痛。