Background Interplay between vaginal microbiome and human papillomavirus (HPV) remains unclear, partly due to heterogeneity of microbiota. Methods We used data from 546 women enrolled in a cross-sectional study in 5 Brazil. We genotyped vaginal samples for HPV and sequenced V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA gene for vaginal microbiome analysis. We used stepwise logistic regression to construct 2 linear scores to predict high-risk HPV (hrHPV) positivity: one based exclusively on presence of individual bacterial taxa (microbiome-based [MB] score) and the other exclusively on participants’ sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical (SBC) characteristics. MB score combined coefficients of 30 (of 116) species. SBC score retained 6 of 25 candidate variables. We constructed receiver operating characteristic curves for scores as hrHPV correlates and compared areas under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Overall, prevalence of hrHPV was 15.8%, and 26.2% had a Lactobacillus-depleted microbiome. AUCs were 0.8022 (95% CI, .7517–.8527) for MB score and 0.7027 (95% CI, .6419–.7636) for SBC score (P = .0163). Conclusions The proposed MB score is strongly correlated with hrHPV positivity—exceeding the predictive value of behavioral variables—suggesting its potential as an indicator of infection and possible value for clinical risk stratification.

中文翻译：

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阴道微生物组成分与宫颈人乳头瘤病毒感染相关

背景 阴道微生物群和人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 之间的相互作用仍不清楚，部分原因是微生物群的异质性。方法 我们使用了来自 5 个巴西的横断面研究的 546 名女性的数据。我们对阴道样本进行 HPV 基因分型，并对 16S rRNA 基因的 V3-V4 区域进行测序以进行阴道微生物组分析。我们使用逐步逻辑回归构建 2 个线性评分来预测高危 HPV (hrHPV) 阳性：一个仅基于个体细菌分类群的存在（基于微生物组 [MB] 评分），另一个仅基于参与者的社会人口学、行为学、和临床（SBC）特征。MB 分数结合了 30 个（116 个）物种的系数。SBC 评分保留了 25 个候选变量中的 6 个。我们构建了评分的受试者工作特征曲线，因为 hrHPV 相关并比较了曲线下面积 (AUC) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。结果 总体而言，hrHPV 的患病率为 15.8%，其中 26.2% 的微生物组乳酸菌已耗尽。MB 评分的 AUC 为 0.8022 (95% CI, .7517–.8527)，SBC 评分的 AUC 为 0.7027 (95% CI, .6419–.7636) (P = .0163)。结论 拟议的 MB 评分与 hrHPV 阳性密切相关——超过行为变量的预测值——表明其作为感染指标的潜力和临床风险分层的可能价值。7636) 用于 SBC 分数 (P = .0163)。结论 拟议的 MB 评分与 hrHPV 阳性密切相关——超过行为变量的预测值——表明其作为感染指标的潜力和临床风险分层的可能价值。7636) 用于 SBC 分数 (P = .0163)。结论 拟议的 MB 评分与 hrHPV 阳性密切相关——超过行为变量的预测值——表明其作为感染指标的潜力和临床风险分层的可能价值。