Background

A number of studies have identified significant associations between trauma-related shame and psychopathology including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), dissociation, and depression. The aim of this paper was to assess the extent to which trauma-related shame is associated with psychological distress across populations (e.g., veterans, college students, women, clinical samples) and offer via meta-analyses a preliminary conclusion about the importance of assessing trauma-related shame.

Methods

Records in Academic Search Complete, MedLine, MedLine Complete, PILOTS, PsycINFO, PsychTests, and PubMed were reviewed. Authors identified 25 studies that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) reported findings of an empirical study with quantitative results; (2) included any measurement of a trauma-related shame; and (3) included any measure of psychological distress or psychological symptoms. Data were extracted using a structured protocol, and random effects meta-analyses were calculated.

Findings

There were moderate weighted mean correlations between trauma-related shame and symptoms of psychopathology (r = 0.44), trauma-related distress (r = 0.49), and depression (r = 0.35). There was significant heterogeneity among studies. Neither study quality nor sample characteristics were significant moderators.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis demonstrated robust associations between trauma-related shame and symptoms of psychopathology broadly as well as trauma-related distress and depression. The findings underscore the importance of explicitly assessing trauma-related shame as part of standard care for trauma survivors who present for treatment. Several treatments explicitly address the role of shame and have demonstrated efficacy for reducing symptoms of trauma-related distress.

中文翻译：

---

关于创伤相关羞耻与精神病理学症状之间的关联：一项荟萃分析

背景

许多研究已经确定了创伤相关的羞耻与心理病理之间的显着关联，包括创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD)、分离和抑郁。本文的目的是评估与创伤相关的羞耻与不同人群（例如，退伍军人、大学生、女性、临床样本）的心理困扰相关的程度，并通过荟萃分析提供关于评估的重要性的初步结论创伤相关的耻辱。

方法

对 Academic Search Complete、MedLine、MedLine Complete、PILOTS、PsycINFO、PsychTests 和 PubMed 中的记录进行了审查。作者确定了 25 项符合以下纳入标准的研究：(1) 报告了具有定量结果的实证研究结果；(2) 包括任何与创伤相关的羞耻感的测量；(3) 包括任何心理困扰或心理症状的测量。使用结构化协议提取数据，并计算随机效应荟萃分析。

发现

创伤相关的羞耻感与精神病理学症状 (r = 0.44)、创伤相关的痛苦 (r = 0.49) 和抑郁症 (r = 0.35) 之间存在中等加权平均相关性。研究之间存在显着的异质性。研究质量和样本特征都不是重要的调节因素。

结论

这项荟萃分析表明，与创伤相关的羞耻感与广泛的精神病理学症状以及与创伤相关的痛苦和抑郁症之间存在密切关联。研究结果强调了明确评估与创伤相关的羞耻感作为前来接受治疗的创伤幸存者标准护理的一部分的重要性。几种治疗方法明确地解决了羞耻的作用，并已证明可以有效减轻与创伤相关的痛苦症状。