Purpose

Although studies have found associations between greater digital technology use and poorer sleep health among adolescents, these studies typically rely on self-reported sleep and cross-sectional designs. This study applied an ecological momentary assessment design to examine how adolescents’ daily digital technology use relates to self-reported sleep and wearable-recorded sleep duration.

Methods

A socioeconomically and ethnically diverse sample of 388 adolescents completed daily surveys of their digital technology use (i.e., messages sent, time for academics, time for leisure) and sleep for 2 weeks. Sleep duration was recorded through wearable devices among a subsample of 254 adolescents for an average of 3.4 days.

Results

Adolescents who reported spending more time using digital technology for nonacademic purposes than their peers reported both shorter self-reported sleep duration and later bedtime (between-person associations). Adolescents who sent more messages than their peers also had shorter sleep duration as recorded by wearable devices. In contrast, few associations were observed when comparisons were made within-individuals with adolescents used as their own controls.

Conclusions

Consistent with prior research, adolescents who reported greater nonacademic daily digital technology use relative to their peers exhibited worse sleep outcomes as measured via self-reports and wearable devices. However, associations with sleep outcomes were weak and inconsistent when adolescents were used as their own controls. Future research should continue to explore between- and within-person associations between digital technology use and sleep to understand potential key differences.

中文翻译：

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青少年日常数字技术使用与睡眠之间的关联

目的

尽管研究发现更多的数字技术使用与青少年睡眠健康状况不佳之间存在关联，但这些研究通常依赖于自我报告的睡眠和横断面设计。本研究应用生态瞬时评估设计来检查青少年的日常数字技术使用与自我报告的睡眠和可穿戴记录的睡眠持续时间之间的关系。

方法

一个由 388 名青少年组成的社会经济和种族多样化的样本完成了他们的数字技术使用情况（即发送的信息、学习时间、休闲时间）和 2 周睡眠的每日调查。通过可穿戴设备记录了 254 名青少年的平均睡眠时间为 3.4 天的子样本。

结果

与同龄人相比，报告在非学术目的上花费更多时间使用数字技术的青少年报告称，他们自我报告的睡眠时间更短，就寝时间更晚（人与人之间的关联）。根据可穿戴设备的记录，比同龄人发送更多信息的青少年睡眠时间也更短。相比之下，当以青少年作为自己的对照进行个体内部比较时，很少观察到关联。

结论

与之前的研究一致，通过自我报告和可穿戴设备测量，与同龄人相比，报告更多非学术日常数字技术使用的青少年表现出更差的睡眠结果。然而，当青少年被用作自己的对照时，与睡眠结果的关联很弱且不一致。未来的研究应继续探索数字技术使用与睡眠之间的人际关系和人际关系，以了解潜在的关键差异。