South American peacock basses (genus Cichla) have been widely introduced within and outside the Neotropical region due to their importance to fisheries, despite threats to the native fish fauna. We performed a literature review on the worldwide distribution of valid Cichla species by focusing on records of species richness and populations in their native and non-native ranges. We tested for an effect of area, the number of large dams, human population density and gross domestic product as drivers of the distribution of peacock basses across the Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (FEOWs). A total of 544 studies led to 1,289 records of nine species. Their distributions within their native range (19 native FEOWs) were narrower than their distributions in their non-native range (23 non-native FEOWs), which encompass tropical and subtropical ecoregions of the Americas, Africa, Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands. Several of these FEOWs harboured more than one species, usually C. ocellaris and C. piquiti. Ecoregion areas were positively associated with species richness and population records in native FEOWs, whereas the number of reservoirs was positively related to the records of non-native populations. These patterns provide further evidence of the role played by reservoirs as the main pathway for the introduction of peacock basses; thus, special attention should be given to the continuous monitoring of the spread of these invaders across watersheds in invaded ecoregions. Considering their broad distribution and the potential for peacock basses to thrive in human-modified systems, severe damage to the native fish fauna is predicted.

中文翻译：

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南美孔雀鲈的全球分布 Cichla spp。跟随人为干扰

尽管对本地鱼类动物群构成威胁，但由于对渔业的重要性，南美孔雀鲈（Cichla属）已被广泛引入新热带地区内外。我们对有效Cichla的全球分布进行了文献综述关注物种丰富度和种群在其原生和非原生范围内的记录。我们测试了面积、大型水坝数量、人口密度和国内生产总值作为孔雀鲈在世界淡水生态区 (FEOWs) 分布的驱动因素的影响。总共 544 项研究产生了 9 个物种的 1,289 条记录。它们在原生范围内的分布（19 个原生 FEOWs）比它们在非原生范围内的分布（23 个非原生 FEOWs）窄，其中包括美洲、非洲、东南亚和太平洋岛屿的热带和亚热带生态区。这些 FEOWs 中的一些含有一个以上的物种，通常是C. ocellaris和C. piquiti. 生态区面积与原生 FEOWs 的物种丰富度和种群记录呈正相关，而水库的数量与非原生种群的记录呈正相关。这些模式进一步证明了水库作为孔雀鲈引入的主要途径所发挥的作用；因此，应特别注意持续监测这些入侵者在被入侵生态区流域内的传播。考虑到它们的广泛分布以及孔雀鲈在人工改造系统中茁壮成长的潜力，预计会对原生鱼类动物群造成严重破坏。