Aging is not homogeneous in humans and the determinants leading to differences between subjects are not fully understood. Impaired glucose homeostasis is a major risk factor for cognitive decline in middle-aged humans, pointing at the existence of early markers of unhealthy aging. The gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), a small lemuriform Malagasy primate, shows relatively slow aging with decreased psychomotor capacities at middle-age (around 5-year old). In some cases (∼10%), it spontaneously leads to pathological aging. In this case, some age-related deficits, such as severe cognitive decline, brain atrophy, amyloidosis, and glucoregulatory imbalance are congruent with what is observed in humans. In the present review, we inventory the changes occurring in psychomotor and cognitive functions during healthy and pathological aging in mouse lemur. It includes a summary of the cerebral, metabolic, and cellular alterations that occur during aging and their relation to cognitive decline. As nutrition is one of the major nonpharmacological antiaging strategies with major potential effects on cognitive performances, we also discuss its role in brain functions and cognitive decline in this species. We show that the overall approach of aging studies in the gray mouse lemur offers promising ways of investigation for understanding, prevention, and treatments of pathological aging in humans.

中文翻译：

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灰鼠狐猴 (Microcebus murinus) 灵长类动物精神运动和认知功能的年龄相关变化概述：风险因素和抗衰老干预措施的最新进展

人类的衰老并不是同质的，导致受试者之间差异的决定因素尚未完全了解。受损的葡萄糖稳态是中年人认知能力下降的主要风险因素，表明存在不健康衰老的早期标志。灰鼠狐猴 ( Microcebus murinus），一种小型狐猴马达加斯加灵长类动物，在中年（大约 5 岁）时表现出相对缓慢的衰老和精神运动能力的下降。在某些情况下（~10%），它会自发地导致病理性衰老。在这种情况下，一些与年龄相关的缺陷，例如严重的认知能力下降、脑萎缩、淀粉样变性和葡萄糖调节失衡，与在人类中观察到的情况是一致的。在本综述中，我们盘点了小鼠狐猴在健康和病理性衰老过程中精神运动和认知功能发生的变化。它包括对衰老过程中发生的大脑、代谢和细胞变化及其与认知能力下降的关系的总结。由于营养是主要的非药物抗衰老策略之一，对认知能力有重大潜在影响，我们还讨论了它在该物种的大脑功能和认知能力下降中的作用。我们表明，灰鼠狐猴衰老研究的整体方法为理解、预防和治疗人类病理性衰老提供了有前景的研究方法。