The quality of a landscape’s matrix is a key condition for the conservation of biodiversity and affects the diversity and composition of bird assemblages in agricultural landscapes with forest remnants. In southern Brazil most agricultural landscapes are a mosaic of cultivated areas, treeless pastures and forest remnants. These landscapes must be planned and managed for food production while synergically enhancing ecological restoration and biodiversity conservation. In this study, we compared the diversity and composition of bird species in High Biodiversity Silvopastoral Systems (SPSnuclei), treeless pasture areas, forest edges and forest interiors. SPSnuclei is a type of silvopastoral system (SPS) whose design was inspired by applied nucleation reforestation techniques using multispecies agroforestry nuclei. In this study, we sought to understand the influence of the SPSnuclei on the diversity and composition of birds by comparing SPSnuclei to treeless pasture areas, forest edges and the forest interior. We hypothesize that multispecies agroforestry nuclei would restore some of the ecosystem biodiversity, and therefore resilience. To quantify bird diversity, sound recorders were installed simultaneously within these habitats during the spring and summer of 2016 and 2017 on three dairy farms. We identified calls from 108 bird species in 2400 min of recordings (600 min/habitat). The High Biodiversity Silvopastoral System increased the diversity of birds in the agroecosystem. Species richness was higher in the parcels with SPSnuclei compared to treeless pastures (P < 0,05). Although, species richness was smaller in the SPSnuclei than forest edge and interior of the forest remnants (P < 0,05). Eight species from the interior and forest edge were observed in the SPSnuclei, but not in the treeless pastures. This research presents evidence that SPSnuclei has positive effects on the diversity and composition of the avifauna in agricultural landscapes and could act as stepping stones that increase connectivity between forest remnants.

景观矩阵的质量是保护生物多样性的关键条件，并影响具有森林遗迹的农业景观中鸟类组合的多样性和组成。在巴西南部，大多数农业景观是由耕地、无树牧场和森林残余组成的马赛克。这些景观必须针对粮食生产进行规划和管理，同时协同加强生态恢复和生物多样性保护。在这项研究中，我们比较了高生物多样性林牧系统 (SPSnuclei)、无树牧场区、森林边缘和森林内部的鸟类多样性和组成。SPSnuclei 是一种林牧系统 (SPS)，其设计灵感来自使用多物种农林业核的应用成核再造林技术。在这项研究中，我们试图通过将 SPSnuclei 与无树牧场区、森林边缘和森林内部进行比较来了解 SPSnuclei 对鸟类多样性和组成的影响。我们假设多物种农林业核心将恢复部分生态系统生物多样性，从而恢复恢复力。为了量化鸟类的多样性，2016 年和 2017 年春季和夏季，三个奶牛场在这些栖息地内同时安装了录音机。我们在 2400 分钟的录音（600 分钟/栖息地）中识别了来自 108 种鸟类的叫声。高生物多样性林牧系统增加了农业生态系统中鸟类的多样性。与无树牧场相比，具有 SPSnuclei 的地块的物种丰富度更高（P < 0,05）。虽然，SPSnuclei 中的物种丰富度小于森林残余物的森林边缘和内部（P < 0,05）。在 SPSnuclei 中观察到来自内部和森林边缘的 8 个物种，但在无树木的牧场中没有观察到。这项研究提供的证据表明，SPSnuclei 对农业景观中鸟类的多样性和组成具有积极影响，并且可以作为增加森林遗迹之间连通性的垫脚石。