By using a high-contrast grating (HCG, high transmittance $>90\%$) to control the phase shift of incident light, we theoretically designed a novel-structured HCG-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (HCG-SNSPD) with a high-efficiency and large light-receiving area. Without enlarging the typical single-pixel SNSPD nanowire area ($10\mathrm{\mu m}\times 10\mathrm{\mu m}$), the effective detection area is expanded to 115 μm, while the absorption efficiency of the nanowire reaches 84.9% at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The effective detection area of HCG-SNSPD is increased by 11.5 times compared to that of conventional single-pixel SNSPDs. Moreover, the absorption efficiencies of HCG-SNSPD exceed 70% at wavelengths ranging from 1460 nm to 1650 nm, indicating high-efficiency broadband detection. This study promotes new possibilities for the application of SNSPDs.

中文翻译：

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集成高对比度光栅的高效大受光面积超导纳米线单光子探测器

通过使用高对比度光栅（HCG、高透射率 $>90\%$) 为了控制入射光的相移，我们从理论上设计了一种新型结构的 HCG 集成超导纳米线单光子探测器 (HCG-SNSPD)，具有高效率和大光接收面积。在不扩大典型的单像素 SNSPD 纳米线面积的情况下（$10\mathrm{微米}\times 10\mathrm{微米}$)，有效检测面积扩大到115 μm，而纳米线在1550 nm波长处的吸收效率达到84.9%。HCG-SNSPD 的有效检测面积比传统的单像素 SNSPD 增加了 11.5 倍。此外，HCG-SNSPD 在 1460 nm 至 1650 nm 波长范围内的吸收效率超过 70%，表明其具有高效的宽带检测能力。这项研究为 SNSPD 的应用提供了新的可能性。