Climate change affects the sustainability of farming systems by downgrading soil fertility and diminishing crop yields. Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development Goals aims to achieve key performance indicators to convert effectually currently degraded agroecosystems into smart, climate-resilient, and profitable farming systems. The introduction of alternative crops could equilibrate the negative impact of increased temperatures and water scarcity to ensure sufficient farm profitability. Alternative crops such as quinoa, teff, tritordeum, camelina, nigella, chia, and sweet potato show a high acclimatization potential to various conditions and could be components of novel re-designed agroecosystems, satisfying the goals the EU Green Deal for reduced chemical input use by 2030. In certain occasions, they adapt even better than conventional or traditional crops and could be integrated in crop rotations, demonstrating multiple uses that would benefit farmers. This review aimed to (i) evaluate seven alternative crops based on their potential contribution to climate change mitigation, in compliance with the EU (European Union) Green Deal objectives and the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) of the UN (United Nations), and (ii) examine the factors that would determine their successful integration in the Mediterranean Basin. These limiting factors for crop establishment included (i) soil properties (soil texture, pH value, salinity, and sodicity), (ii) environmental parameters (temperature, altitude, latitude, photoperiod), and (iii) crop performance and dynamics regarding water demands, fertilization needs, light, and heat requirements. All proposed crops were found to be adaptable to the Mediterranean climate characteristics and promising for the implementation of the goals of EU and UN.

气候变化会降低土壤肥力和作物产量，从而影响农业系统的可持续性。2030 年可持续发展目标议程旨在实现关键绩效指标，将目前已退化的农业生态系统有效转化为智能、气候适应型和盈利的农业系统。替代作物的引入可以平衡温度升高和水资源短缺的负面影响，以确保足够的农场盈利能力。藜麦、画眉草、tritordeum、山茶花、黑种草、奇亚籽和甘薯等替代作物显示出对各种条件的高度驯化潜力，可以成为重新设计的新型农业生态系统的组成部分，满足欧盟绿色协议减少化学品投入使用的目标到 2030 年。在某些情况下，它们的适应能力甚至比传统作物或传统作物还要好，并且可以融入轮作中，展示出多种有益于农民的用途。本次审查旨在 (i) 根据欧盟（欧盟）绿色协议目标和联合国（联合国）的可持续发展目标（SDG），根据七种替代作物对减缓气候变化的潜在贡献，对其进行评估，以及(ii) 检查决定它们成功融入地中海盆地的因素。这些作物建立的限制因素包括 (i) 土壤特性（土壤质地、pH 值、盐度和碱度），(ii) 环境参数（温度、海拔、纬度、光周期），以及 (iii) 作物性能和与水有关的动态需求、施肥需求、光和热需求。