Abstract

Resource conflicts in late nineteenth-century America transformed cultural and technical understandings of building materials as settlers and industrialists alike brought pressure to bear on the research university. Architect-engineer Frank Kidder and his Architectural Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology provide a window onto how these politics transformed the symbolic and pedagogical significance of timber. While the university’s engineers worked to expand logging amidst deforestation, its architects, like William Ware and Henry Van Brunt, devised an allied esthetics of materials that valorized forests and settlers in nationalist terms. Kidder brought these disciplines together, embodying the educated woodsman that Ware and Van Brunt sought to cultivate. His 1884 pocketbook promulgated their simultaneously rationalist and nostalgic view of timber among the new class of professional architects they trained.

摘要

19 世纪后期美国的资源冲突改变了对建筑材料的文化和技术理解，因为定居者和工业家都给研究型大学带来了压力。建筑师兼工程师 Frank Kidder 和他在麻省理工学院的建筑实验室为了解这些政治如何改变木材的象征意义和教学意义提供了一个窗口。虽然该大学的工程师致力于在森林砍伐中扩大伐木规模，但其建筑师威廉·韦尔和亨利·范·布伦特 (William Ware 和 Henry Van Brunt) 设计了一种联合美学材料，以民族主义的术语使森林和定居者增值。Kidder 将这些学科结合在一起，体现了 Ware 和 Van Brunt 试图培养的受过教育的樵夫。