To achieve secure and efficient saline water irrigation in arid areas, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the salt distribution in the soil profile and response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to salinity from 2018 to 2020. The experiment included five levels of irrigation water salinity (ECi = 0.5 dS/m, 3.3 dS/m, 4.9 dS/m, 6.6 dS/m and 8.2 dS/m). The results indicated that the soil salinity rose slightly and was maintained in balance in the first two years owing to the moderate freshwater irrigation after planting. In 2020, surface salinity accumulation occurred when the ECi was greater than 3.3 dS/m. The average soil salinity at 0–100 cm soil depth was near that of the irrigation water. The effects of irrigation water salinity on plant growth and yield were also investigated. Salinity hindered the growth of the sunflower, which was indicated by a decrease of plant height, biomass, and plant water content. Salinity also reduced sunflower yield by reducing the disk diameter and 100-grain weight. IWP increased in the first two years and then decreased in the third year with an increase in the irrigation water salinity. The salinity threshold for oleic sunflower was 1.3 dS/m, and the sunflower seed yield decreased by 4.9% for every 1 dS/m increase in soil salinity. To ensure a seed yield of over 75%, the soil salinity should be less than 6.4 dS/m. It was concluded that for oleic sunflower drip irrigation in arid areas, the plant, should be irrigated with 80 mm of freshwater to leach salt after planting. This not only ensures that the seed yield is no less than 85% but also maintains a balanced soil salinity after harvest when the ECi increases to 8.2 dS/m.

为了在干旱地区实现安全高效的咸水灌溉，通过田间试验评估了向日葵（Helianthus annuus L. ）土壤剖面中的盐分分布和响应。) 到 2018 年至 2020 年的盐度。实验包括五个灌溉水盐度水平（ECi = 0.5 dS/m、3.3 dS/m、4.9 dS/m、6.6 dS/m 和 8.2 dS/m）。结果表明，由于种植后适度的淡水灌溉，前两年土壤盐分略有上升并保持平衡。2020年ECi大于3.3 dS/m时发生地表盐度累积。0-100 cm 土壤深度的平均土壤盐度接近灌溉水的盐度。还研究了灌溉水盐度对植物生长和产量的影响。盐分阻碍了向日葵的生长，这表现为植物高度、生物量和植物水分含量的降低。盐度还通过降低花盘直径和 100 粒重来降低向日葵产量。随着灌溉水盐度的增加，IWP 在前两年增加，然后在第三年下降。油酸向日葵的盐度阈值为 1.3 dS/m，土壤盐分每增加 1 dS/m，向日葵种子产量下降 4.9%。为保证种子产量超过 75%，土壤盐分应小于 6.4 dS/m。得出的结论是，对于干旱地区的油酸向日葵滴灌，植物应在种植后用80毫米的淡水灌溉以浸出盐分。这不仅保证了种子产量不低于85%，而且当ECi增加到8.2 dS/m时，收获后还能保持平衡的土壤盐分。土壤盐分每增加 1 dS/m 增加 9%。为保证种子产量超过 75%，土壤盐分应小于 6.4 dS/m。得出的结论是，对于干旱地区的油酸向日葵滴灌，植物应在种植后用80毫米的淡水灌溉以浸出盐分。这不仅保证了种子产量不低于85%，而且当ECi增加到8.2 dS/m时，收获后还能保持平衡的土壤盐分。土壤盐分每增加 1 dS/m 增加 9%。为保证种子产量超过 75%，土壤盐分应小于 6.4 dS/m。得出的结论是，对于干旱地区的油酸向日葵滴灌，植物应在种植后用80毫米的淡水灌溉以浸出盐分。这不仅保证了种子产量不低于85%，而且当ECi增加到8.2 dS/m时，收获后还能保持平衡的土壤盐分。