Three-dimensional (3D) adsorption materials have attracted ever-increasing interest as a cost-effective tool to remove antibiotics from water. However, how to effectively enhance the adsorption capacity of the adsorbents is still a great challenge. In this study, a novel method for fabricating 3D porous carbon nanofiber/graphene oxide composite aerogels (PCNF/GOAs) with an adjustable pore structure was developed for antibiotic removal from water using electrospinning-liquid assisted collection technology. By adding poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a pore-forming agent, the volume of pores corresponding to the tetracycline (TC) size (0.8–2 nm) increased twelve-fold, and the adsorption capacity increased nine-fold. To evaluate the feasibility of PCNF/GOAs as a potential adsorbent for antibiotic removal, batch and fixed-bed experiments were conducted. The results showed that PCNF/GOAs effectively removed TC from water over a wide pH range (4–10), and the maximum adsorption capacity was more than 900 mg g⁻¹ at pH 7. The experimental data for the adsorption of TC onto PCNF/GOAs better fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Temkin models. Due to its self-supporting characteristic, 3D PCNF/GOAs generated lower inlet pressure compared to traditional particle adsorbents in fixed-bed column adsorption. π–π electro-donor–acceptor (EDA) interaction, pore filling and hydrogen bonding are the main possible mechanisms for the adsorption of TC on PCNF/GOAs.

中文翻译：

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炭气凝胶孔结构的合理设计显着提高间歇和固定床操作对水中四环素的吸附

三维 (3D) 吸附材料作为一种具有成本效益的从水中去除抗生素的工具引起了越来越多的兴趣。然而，如何有效地增强吸附剂的吸附能力仍然是一个很大的挑战。在这项研究中，开发了一种制备具有可调孔结构的 3D 多孔碳纳米纤维/氧化石墨烯复合气凝胶 (PCNF/GOA) 的新方法，用于使用静电纺丝液体辅助收集技术从水中去除抗生素。通过添加聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA) 作为成孔剂，与四环素 (TC) 尺寸 (0.8-2 nm) 对应的孔体积增加了 12 倍，吸附容量增加了 9 倍。为了评估 PCNF/GOA 作为去除抗生素的潜在吸附剂的可行性，进行了批量和固定床实验。结果表明，PCNF/GOA 在较宽的 pH 范围（4-10）内有效去除水中的 TC，最大吸附容量超过 900 mg/g^-1在 pH 7。TC 吸附到 PCNF/GOA 上的实验数据更好地拟合伪二级动力学和 Temkin 模型。由于其自支撑特性，与固定床柱吸附中的传统颗粒吸附剂相比，3D PCNF/GOA 产生的入口压力更低。π-π 电子供体-受体 (EDA) 相互作用、孔填充和氢键是 TC 在 PCNF/GOA 上吸附的主要可能机制。