Freshwater demand will rise in the next couple of decades, with an increase in worldwide population growth and industrial development. The development activities, on one side, have increased the freshwater demand. However, the ground water has been degraded. Among the various organic and inorganic contaminants, arsenic is one of the most toxic elements. Arsenic contamination in ground waters is a major issue worldwide, especially in South and Southeast Asia. Various methods have been applied to provide a remedy to arsenic contamination, including adsorption, ion exchange, oxidation, coagulation-precipitation and filtration, and membrane filtration. Out of these methods, adsorption of As(III)/As(V) using nanomaterials and biopolymers has been used on a wide scale. The present review focuses on recently used nanomaterials and biopolymer composites for As(III)/As(V) sorptive removal. As(III)/As(V) adsorption mechanisms have been explored for various sorbents. The impacts of environmental factors such as pH and co-existing ions on As(III)/As(V) removal, have been discussed. Comparison of various nanosorbents and biopolymer composites for As(III)/As(V) adsorption and regeneration of exhausted materials has been included. Overall, this review will be useful to understand the sorption mechanisms involved in As(III)/As(V) removal by nanomaterials and biopolymer composites and their comparative sorption performances.

随着全球人口增长和工业发展的增加，淡水需求将在未来几十年内上升。一方面，开发活动增加了淡水需求。然而，地下水已经退化。在各种有机和无机污染物中，砷是毒性最强的元素之一。地下水中的砷污染是世界范围内的一个主要问题，特别是在南亚和东南亚。已经应用各种方法来提供砷污染的补救措施，包括吸附、离子交换、氧化、凝聚-沉淀和过滤以及膜过滤。在这些方法中，使用纳米材料和生物聚合物吸附 As(III)/As(V) 已被广泛使用。本综述重点关注最近用于 As(III)/As(V) 吸附去除的纳米材料和生物聚合物复合材料。As(III)/As(V) 吸附机制已被探索用于各种吸附剂。已经讨论了环境因素（例如 pH 值和共存离子）对 As(III)/As(V) 去除的影响。包括了各种纳米吸附剂和生物聚合物复合材料对 As(III)/As(V) 吸附和废旧材料再生的比较。总体而言，本综述将有助于了解纳米材料和生物聚合物复合材料去除 As(III)/As(V) 所涉及的吸附机制及其比较吸附性能。已经讨论了环境因素（例如 pH 值和共存离子）对 As(III)/As(V) 去除的影响。包括了各种纳米吸附剂和生物聚合物复合材料对 As(III)/As(V) 吸附和废旧材料再生的比较。总体而言，本综述将有助于了解纳米材料和生物聚合物复合材料去除 As(III)/As(V) 所涉及的吸附机制及其比较吸附性能。已经讨论了环境因素（例如 pH 值和共存离子）对 As(III)/As(V) 去除的影响。包括了各种纳米吸附剂和生物聚合物复合材料对 As(III)/As(V) 吸附和废旧材料再生的比较。总体而言，本综述将有助于了解纳米材料和生物聚合物复合材料去除 As(III)/As(V) 所涉及的吸附机制及其比较吸附性能。