Immunotherapy is becoming a new standard of care for multiple cancers, while several limitations are impending its further clinical success. Immunotherapeutic agents often have inappropriate pharmacokinetics on their own and/or exhibit limited specificity to tumor cells, leading to severe immuno-related adverse effects and limited efficacy. Suitable formulating strategies that confer prolonged contact with or efficient proliferation in tumors while reducing exposure to normal tissues are highly worthy to explore. With the assistance of biomaterial carriers, targeted therapy can be achieved artificially by implanting or injecting drug depots into desired sites, about which the wisdoms in literature have been rich. The relevant results have suggested a “local but systemic” effect, that is, local replenishment of immune modulators achieves a high treatment efficacy that also governs distant metastases, thereby building another rationale for localized delivery. Particularly, implantable scaffolds have been further engineered to recruit disseminated tumor cells with an efficiency high enough to reduce tumor burdens at typical metastatic organs, and simultaneously provide diagnostic signals. This review introduces recent advances in this emerging area along with a perspective on the opportunities and challenges in the way to clinical application.

免疫疗法正在成为治疗多种癌症的新标准，而一些限制因素正影响其进一步的临床成功。免疫治疗剂本身通常具有不适当的药代动力学和/或对肿瘤细胞表现出有限的特异性，导致严重的免疫相关不良反应和有限的疗效。在减少对正常组织的暴露的同时，赋予与肿瘤长时间接触或有效增殖的合适的配制策略非常值得探索。在生物材料载体的辅助下，可以通过将药物库植入或注射到所需部位来人为地实现靶向治疗，这在文献中已经有丰富的智慧。相关结果提出了一种“局部但系统性”的效应，即 免疫调节剂的局部补充实现了高治疗效果，也控制了远处转移，从而为局部递送建立了另一个基本原理。特别是，可植入支架已被进一步设计为以足够高的效率募集播散的肿瘤细胞，以减少典型转移器官的肿瘤负担，同时提供诊断信号。本综述介绍了这一新兴领域的最新进展，并展望了临床应用的机遇和挑战。可植入支架已被进一步设计为以足够高的效率募集播散的肿瘤细胞，以减少典型转移器官的肿瘤负担，同时提供诊断信号。本综述介绍了这一新兴领域的最新进展，并展望了临床应用的机遇和挑战。可植入支架已被进一步设计为以足够高的效率募集播散的肿瘤细胞，以减少典型转移器官的肿瘤负担，同时提供诊断信号。本综述介绍了这一新兴领域的最新进展，并展望了临床应用的机遇和挑战。