The North China Plain is the main producing area of winter wheat in China. Due to the relatively poor condition of water resources, the competition of water between industry and agriculture is fierce. The increasing shortage of water resources has led to serious overexploitation of groundwater in some areas. Agricultural development is faced with severe challenges. In order to ensure regional food security and sustainable winter wheat planting, 52 cities of North China Plain (NCP), in the following of the paper, use the shorted name NCP，were taken as research units to analyze the matching characteristics of agricultural water and land resources, so as to reveal the direction of irrigated agriculture development and winter wheat suitable planting layout considering their balance in future. The paper firstly analyzed the cultivated area determined by water resource and irrigation development by agricultural available water, and then pointed out the direction of water-suited planting layout of winter wheat. The results showed that: 1) the Gini coefficient showed an increasing trend, which indicated that the area of cultivated land and irrigation area supported by water resources have nearly reached the upper limit. The large-scale extension of both cultivated and irrigation area is impossible under the restriction of water. 2) The amount of agricultural available water resources per unit of effective irrigation area and the effective precipitation increased gradually from north to south in the NCP, but the spatial distribution of water requirement of winter wheat in its growth period changed in the opposite way. This indicated the poor spatiotemporal match between winter wheat planting and water resources, leading to the cost of spending more water to maintain wheat production. 3), The further development of irrigation and the water-suited planting of winter wheat should pay attention to the southern part of the plain with rich water (such as southern Henan Province, Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, etc.) to ensure the regional agricultural development. That is of great significance to the regional sustainable development, water shortage alleviation and national grain safety.

华北平原是我国冬小麦的主产区。由于水资源条件相对较差，工农业之间的水资源竞争十分激烈。水资源日益短缺，导致部分地区地下水严重超采。农业发展面临严峻挑战。为保障区域粮食安全和冬小麦可持续种植，本文以华北平原（NCP）的52个城市为研究单位，分析了农业用水与冬小麦的匹配特征。土地资源，从而揭示未来灌溉农业发展方向和冬小麦适宜种植布局的平衡。文章首先分析了水资源决定的耕地面积和农业可用水的灌溉发展，然后指出了冬小麦适水种植布局的方向。结果表明：1）基尼系数呈上升趋势，表明水资源支持的耕地面积和灌溉面积已接近上限。在水资源的限制下，耕地和灌溉面积的大规模扩大是不可能的。2）华北地区单位有效灌溉面积农业可用水资源量和有效降水量由北向南逐渐增加，但冬小麦生育期需水量空间分布却相反。这说明冬小麦种植与水资源的时空匹配性较差，导致小麦生产成本增加。3）、进一步发展灌溉和冬小麦适水种植，要注意水源丰富的平原南部（如河南省南部、江苏省、安徽省等），以保证区域性农业发展。这对区域可持续发展、缓解水资源短缺和国家粮食安全具有重要意义。进一步发展灌溉和冬小麦适水种植，应注意平原南部水量丰富的地区（如河南南部、江苏省、安徽省等），以保证区域农业的发展。这对区域可持续发展、缓解水资源短缺和国家粮食安全具有重要意义。进一步发展灌溉和冬小麦适水种植，应注意平原南部水量丰富的地区（如河南南部、江苏省、安徽省等），以保证区域农业的发展。这对区域可持续发展、缓解水资源短缺和国家粮食安全具有重要意义。