Increasing shares of intermittent renewable energies challenge the dominant way to trade electricity ex-ante in forward, day-ahead, and intraday markets: Coal power plants and consumers cannot react to the stochastic element of renewables, whereas gas turbines can. We use a theoretical model to analyze behavior of final consumers and incentives of perfectly competitive firms to invest in different types of technologies under ex-ante pricing. Curtailed consumers need to get compensated in high of their disruption cost. Coal power firms recover cost. Renewables and gas turbine firms fail. We identify imperfections that arise from the delay in price setting and market clearing. Do real-time prices induce an efficient outcome? Consumers need to get taxed in high of rationing cost. Support is redundant for gas turbine firms, but renewables firms still fail to recover cost because the spatially distributed nature of renewables creates an output risk.

间歇性可再生能源的份额不断增加，挑战了在远期、日前和日内市场进行事前电力交易的主导方式：燃煤电厂和消费者无法对可再生能源的随机因素做出反应，而燃气轮机可以。我们使用理论模型来分析最终消费者的行为和完全竞争企业在事前定价下投资不同类型技术的动机。缩减的消费者需要获得高额中断成本的补偿。煤电企业收回成本。可再生能源和燃气轮机公司倒闭。我们识别因价格设定和市场出清延迟而产生的缺陷。实时价格是否会产生有效的结果？消费者需要以高额的配给成本征税。燃气轮机公司的支持是多余的，