Very little is known about how domestication was constrained by the quantitative genetic architecture of crop progenitors and how quantitative genetic architecture was altered by domestication. Yang et al. [C. J. Yang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116, 5643–5652 (2019)] drew multiple conclusions about how genetic architecture influenced and was altered by maize domestication based on one sympatric pair of teosinte and maize populations. To test the generality of their conclusions, we assayed the structure of genetic variances, genetic correlations among traits, strength of selection during domestication, and diversity in genetic architecture within teosinte and maize. Our results confirm that additive genetic variance is decreased, while dominance genetic variance is increased, during maize domestication. The genetic correlations are moderately conserved among traits between teosinte and maize, while the genetic variance–covariance matrices (G-matrices) of teosinte and maize are quite different, primarily due to changes in the submatrix for reproductive traits. The inferred long-term selection intensities during domestication were weak, and the neutral hypothesis was rejected for reproductive and environmental response traits, suggesting that they were targets of selection during domestication. The G-matrix of teosinte imposed considerable constraint on selection during the early domestication process, and constraint increased further along the domestication trajectory. Finally, we assayed variation among populations and observed that genetic architecture is generally conserved among populations within teosinte and maize but is radically different between teosinte and maize. While selection drove changes in essentially all traits between teosinte and maize, selection explains little of the difference in domestication traits among populations within teosinte or maize.

关于驯化如何受到作物祖先的数量遗传结构的限制以及驯化如何改变数量遗传结构，我们知之甚少。杨等人。[CJ 杨等人。，过程。国家队 阿卡德。科学。美国116, 5643–5652 (2019)] 基于一对同域的 teosinte 和玉米种群得出了关于遗传结构如何影响和被玉米驯化改变的多个结论。为了测试他们结论的普遍性，我们分析了遗传变异的结构、性状之间的遗传相关性、驯化过程中的选择强度以及大麦和玉米中遗传结构的多样性。我们的结果证实，在玉米驯化过程中，加性遗传变异减少，而优势遗传变异增加。teosinte 和玉米的性状之间的遗传相关性中度保守，而遗传方差-协方差矩阵（G-matrices) 的 teosinte 和玉米完全不同，主要是由于生殖性状的子矩阵发生了变化。驯化期间推断的长期选择强度较弱，并且生殖和环境响应性状拒绝中性假设，表明它们是驯化期间的选择目标。该摹- teosinte 矩阵在早期驯化过程中对选择施加了相当大的约束，并且约束沿着驯化轨迹进一步增加。最后，我们分析了种群之间的变异，并观察到 ​​teosinte 和玉米中的种群之间的遗传结构通常是保守的，但在 teosinte 和玉米之间却完全不同。虽然选择基本上推动了 teosinte 和玉米之间所有性状的变化，但选择几乎不能解释 teosinte 或玉米内种群之间驯化性状的差异。