In this pilot-scale study, an innovative mainstream treatment process that couples the anaerobic membrane reactor (AnMBR) with a one-stage PN/A system was proposed for advancing the concept of carbon neutrality in the municipal wastewater treatment plant. This work demonstrates the start-up procedure of a pilot-scale one-stage PN/A system for mainstream treatment. The 255-day start-up of the one-stage PN/A system involved the cultivation of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) from the activated sludge, suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), investigation of in-situ growth kinetics of anammox bacteria (AnAOB), and the 50-day operation of the pilot-scale AnMBR-PN/A process for natural mainstream treatment. It is verified in the pilot-scale system for the first time that the in-situ free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) exposure could effectively eliminate the Nitrospira (the NOB genus) while retaining the Nitosonomas (the AOB genus) community in the suspended sludge. NOB community rebounding was not detected even at the mainstream conditions with low nitrogen concentrations (Influent ammonium concentration=38±6 mg-NH₄⁺-N/L) by intermittent aeration to control the system dissolved oxygen (DO) below 0.5 mg/L. The results of the mainstream treatment showed that the average effluent total nitrogen (TN) in the coupled process was generally lower than 10 mg-N/L, which meets the discharge limits of most prefectures in Japan. The investigated results of the in-situ anammox bacteria (AnAOB) growth kinetics suggested that the promoted start-up strategy of taking advantage of the warm months with higher mainstream temperature to achieve the rapid in-situ growth of the AnAOB is applicable in the investigated regions. From the perspective of the removal performance of the TN and organic substance, the AnMBR-PN/A process has great potential as the layouts of the carbon-neutral mainstream wastewater treatment plants.

在这项中试研究中，提出了一种将厌氧膜反应器 (AnMBR) 与单级 PN/A 系统相结合的创新主流处理工艺，以推进城市污水处理厂的碳中和概念。这项工作展示了用于主流处理的中试一级 PN/A 系统的启动程序。单级 PN/A 系统的 255 天启动涉及从活性污泥中培养氨氧化菌 (AOB)、抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌 (NOB)、研究氨氧化菌的原位生长动力学。厌氧氨氧化细菌 (AnAOB)，以及用于自然主流处理的中试规模 AnMBR-PN/A 工艺的 50 天运行。首次在中试系统中验证了原位游离氨 (FA) 和游离亚硝酸 (FNA) 暴露可以有效消除硝化螺菌（NOB 属），同时保留悬浮污泥中的Nitosonomas（AOB 属）群落。即使在低氮浓度的主流条件下（进水铵浓度=38±6 mg-NH ₄ ^+）也未检测到NOB群落反弹-N/L) 通过间歇曝气将系统溶解氧 (DO) 控制在 0.5 mg/L 以下。主流处理结果表明，耦合过程平均出水总氮（TN）普遍低于10 mg-N/L，满足日本大部分都道府县的排放限值。原位厌氧氨氧化细菌（AnAOB）生长动力学的研究结果表明，利用主流温度较高的温暖月份实现厌氧氨氧化细菌原位快速生长的促进启动策略适用于本研究。地区。从TN和有机物的去除性能来看，AnMBR-PN/A工艺作为碳中和主流污水处理厂的布局具有很大的潜力。