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Characterizing the in-out asymmetry in visual crowding.
Journal of Vision ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-21 , DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.11.10
Ramakrishna Chakravarthi 1, 2 , Jirko Rubruck 1 , Nikki Kipling 3 , Alasdair D F Clarke 3, 4
Affiliation  

An object's processing is impaired by the presence of nearby clutter. Several distinct mechanisms, such as masking and visual crowding, are thought to contribute to such flanker-induced interference. It is therefore important to determine which mechanism is operational in any given situation. Previous studies have proposed that the in-out asymmetry (IOA), where a peripheral flanker interferes with the target more than a foveal flanker, is diagnostic of crowding. However, several studies have documented inconsistencies in the occurrence of this asymmetry, particularly at locations beyond the horizontal meridian, casting doubt on its ability to delineate crowding. In this study, to determine if IOA is diagnostic of crowding, we extensively charted its properties. We asked a relatively large set of participants (n = 38) to identify a briefly presented peripheral letter flanked by a single inward or outward letter at one of four locations. We also manipulated target location uncertainty and attentional allocation by blocking, randomizing or pre-cueing the target location. Using multilevel Bayesian regression analysis, we found robust IOA at all locations, although its strength was modulated by target location, location uncertainty, and attentional allocation. Our findings suggest that IOA can be an excellent marker of crowding, to the extent that it is not observed in other flanker-interference mechanisms, such as masking.

中文翻译:

表征视觉拥挤中的进出不对称。

附近杂波的存在会削弱对象的处理能力。几种不同的机制,例如掩蔽和视觉拥挤,被认为有助于这种侧翼诱导的干扰。因此,重要的是确定在任何给定情况下哪种机制是可操作的。以前的研究已经提出,外周侧翼比中心凹侧翼更能干扰目标的进出不对称 (IOA) 是拥挤的诊断。然而,一些研究记录了这种不对称发生的不一致,特别是在水平子午线以外的位置,这让人怀疑其描绘拥挤的能力。在这项研究中,为了确定 IOA 是否可以诊断拥挤,我们广泛绘制了它的特性图。我们要求一组相对较大的参与者(n = 38)识别一个简短呈现的外围字母,在四个位置之一的一个向内或向外的字母两侧。我们还通过阻止、随机化或预先提示目标位置来操纵目标位置的不确定性和注意力分配。使用多级贝叶斯回归分析,我们发现所有位置都具有稳健的 IOA,尽管其强度受到目标位置、位置不确定性和注意力分配的调节。我们的研究结果表明,IOA 可以成为拥挤的一个很好的标志,以至于在其他侧翼干扰机制(如掩蔽)中没有观察到它。随机化或预先提示目标位置。使用多级贝叶斯回归分析,我们发现所有位置都具有稳健的 IOA,尽管其强度受到目标位置、位置不确定性和注意力分配的调节。我们的研究结果表明,IOA 可以成为拥挤的一个很好的标志,以至于在其他侧翼干扰机制(如掩蔽)中没有观察到它。随机化或预先提示目标位置。使用多级贝叶斯回归分析,我们发现所有位置都具有稳健的 IOA,尽管其强度受到目标位置、位置不确定性和注意力分配的调节。我们的研究结果表明,IOA 可以成为拥挤的一个很好的标志,以至于在其他侧翼干扰机制(如掩蔽)中没有观察到它。
更新日期:2021-10-21
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