The vascular bundle is the most important structural unit of bamboo that determines the growth of bamboo and the properties of bamboo-based materials. A systematic understanding of the characteristics of vascular bundle is the key to clarify the structure-property relationship of bamboo. In this paper, the YOLO (You Only Look Once) algorithm was applied to the field of bamboo structure and a detection model was proposed to solve the key technical problems regarding automatic detection, positioning, counting, and automatic measurement of relevant parameters of vascular bundles. The precision of the detection model was up to 99.59 %, and able to achieve the work in minutes that cannot be done manually. Furthermore, we studied the variation of inter-plant and the variation of axial direction of Moso bamboo [Phyllostachys edulis (Carr)H. de Lebaie]. The results indicated that the total number of vascular bundles of Moso bamboo from 12 different areas was 7196 ± 698, the distribution density of vascular bundles was 2.49 ± 0.58 per mm², the fiber volume fraction was 23.68 ± 1.89 %. The apparent differences of vascular bundles in different areas result from the growing environment. There were approximately 8000 vascular bundles in the base of Moso bamboo while the number decreased to around 300 at the top, and the decreased vascular bundles were mainly semi-open type and open type. The total area of fiber sheath decreased linearly from base to top of internodes, while the fiber volume fraction was 20–30 % constantly.

维管束是竹子最重要的结构单元，它决定了竹子的生长和竹材的性能。系统地了解维管束的特性是厘清竹材结构特性关系的关键。本文将YOLO（You Only Look Once）算法应用于竹结构领域，提出检测模型，解决维管束相关参数自动检测、定位、计数、自动测量等关键技术问题。 . 检测模型的精度高达99.59%，能够在几分钟内完成手动无法完成的工作。此外，我们还研究了毛竹的植株间变异和轴向变异。Phyllostachys edulis (Carr) H. 德莱拜]。结果表明，12个不同产区毛竹的维管束总数为7196±698根，维管束分布密度为2.49±0.58个/mm ²，纤维体积分数为23.68±1.89%。不同区域维管束的明显差异是生长环境造成的。毛竹基部维管束约8000条，顶端减少至300条左右，减少的维管束以半开放型和开放型为主。纤维鞘的总面积从节间的底部到顶部线性减小，而纤维体积分数恒定为 20-30%。