Sarcopenia, characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength, has become a common hallmark of ageing and many chronic diseases. Diabetes mellitus patients have a higher prevalence of sarcopenia, which greatly aggravates the metabolic disturbance and compromises treatment response. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown differential impacts of anti-diabetic drugs on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and performance, highlighting the importance of rational therapeutic regimen from the perspective of sarcopenia risk. In this review, we provide an update on the regulation of muscle mass and quality by major anti-diabetic drugs, focusing primarily on emerging data from clinical studies. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications for optimal selection of anti-diabetic drugs to reduce the risk of sarcopenia. In view of the lifelong use of anti-diabetic drugs, we propose that a better understanding of the sarcopenia risk and interventional strategies is worthy of attention in future studies.

中文翻译：

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抗糖尿病药物和肌肉减少症：新出现的联系、机理见解和临床意义

以骨骼肌质量、质量和力量下降为特征的肌肉减少症已成为衰老和许多慢性疾病的共同标志。糖尿病患者肌肉减少症的患病率较高，这大大加重了代谢紊乱并影响了治疗反应。临床前和临床研究表明，抗糖尿病药物对骨骼肌质量、力量和性能的不同影响，从肌肉减少症风险的角度突出了合理治疗方案的重要性。在这篇综述中，我们提供了主要抗糖尿病药物对肌肉质量和质量调节的最新情况，主要关注来自临床研究的新数据。我们还讨论了最佳选择抗糖尿病药物以降低肌肉减少症风险的潜在机制和临床意义。