Extreme climatic events, including marine heatwaves (MHWs), are altering ecosystems globally, often with profound socioeconomic impacts. We examine how MHWs have affected the provision of ecosystem services and evaluate the socioeconomic consequences for human society. Ecological impacts range from harmful algal blooms and mass mortality events to reconfigurations of entire ecosystems, affecting provisioning, habitat, regulating, and cultural ecosystem services globally. Reported economic costs of individual MHW events exceed US$800 million in direct losses or >US$3.1 billion in indirect losses of ecosystem services for multiple years. However, biological responses to MHWs can also increase human-ocean interactions, providing opportunities for coastal societies. Our study provides a global perspective on the far-reaching impacts of MHWs on human societies and highlights the urgent need to develop robust approaches to mitigation and adaptation.

中文翻译：

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海洋热浪的社会经济影响：全球问题和机遇

极端气候事件，包括海洋热浪 (MHW)，正在改变全球生态系统，通常会产生深远的社会经济影响。我们研究 MHW 如何影响生态系统服务的提供，并评估对人类社会的社会经济后果。生态影响的范围从有害藻类大量繁殖和大规模死亡事件到整个生态系统的重新配置，影响全球供应、栖息地、调节和文化生态系统服务。报告的个别 MHW 事件的经济成本超过 8 亿美元的直接损失或超过 31 亿美元的生态系统服务间接损失多年。然而，对 MHW 的生物反应也可以增加人与海洋的相互作用，为沿海社会提供机会。