Cyprodinil, one of the main pyrimidinamine fungicides, has been used to control fungal diseases in plants and vegetables worldwide. Previous studies have investigated the influences of cyprodinil on the developmental and reproductive toxicity of fish. However, it remains unknown whether it affects fish behaviors and the underlying mechanisms. In our current study, zebrafish, an ideal model animal for behavioral studies, were exposed to cyprodinil from fertilization to 240 days postfertilization at 0.1 μg/L (environmentally relevant concentration) and 1, 10 μg/L. Firstly, we observed that aggressive behavior of zebrafish was significantly enhanced after exposure to 0.1–10 μg/L cyprodinil and antipredator behavior was decreased after exposure. Cyprodinil exposure altered the adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels, which regulate cortisol homeostasis and were significantly reduced in all exposure groups (0.1–10 μg/L). In addition, most of the key genes in the hypothalamic–pituitary–interrenal gland axis, such as corticotropin-releasing hormone and melanocortin 2 receptor, were downregulated significantly in all exposure groups, which was consistent with the hormone levels. In addition, in the hypothalamus, the number of apoptotic cells increased in a dose-dependent manner in the cyprodinil exposure groups. Moreover, these changes were potentially responsible for the increased aggression of zebrafish during the mirror-like aggressive test and for the reduced antipredator behavior during the predator avoidance test. Overall, the data provided herein further our understanding of cyprodinil toxicity and can be used to assess the ecological effects of cyprodinil on the induction of abnormal behaviors at the environmental level.

Cyprodinil 是主要的嘧啶胺类杀菌剂之一，已被用于控制全球植物和蔬菜的真菌病害。以前的研究调查了嘧菌环胺对鱼类发育和生殖毒性的影响。然而，它是否会影响鱼类行为及其潜在机制尚不清楚。在我们目前的研究中，斑马鱼是行为研究的理想模型动物，从受精到受精后 240 天，以 0.1 μg/L（环境相关浓度）和 1, 10 μg/L 暴露于环丙嘧啶。首先，我们观察到斑马鱼的攻击行为在暴露于 0.1-10 μg/L 环丙嘧啶后显着增强，而抗捕食者行为在暴露后降低。Cyprodinil 暴露改变了促肾上腺皮质激素和皮质醇水平，调节皮质醇稳态并在所有暴露组中显着降低（0.1-10 μg/L）。此外，下丘脑-垂体-肾间腺轴的大部分关键基因，如促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素和黑皮质素2受体，在所有暴露组中均显着下调，这与激素水平一致。此外，在下丘脑，环丙嘧啶暴露组的凋亡细胞数量呈剂量依赖性增加。此外，这些变化可能是导致斑马鱼在类似镜子的攻击性测试期间攻击性增加以及在捕食者回避测试期间减少的抗捕食者行为的原因。总体，