Osteosarcoma is a rare, primary tumour of bone. Curative treatment consists of multi-agent chemotherapy and complete surgical resection. Despite the use of multi-agent chemotherapy, the risk of recurrence is high. Survival outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma have not changed since the 1980′s. Based on biologic rationale, there has been interest in adding immunotherapies to upfront curative intent chemotherapy, including mifamurtide (a macrophage activator) and interferon. However, results to date have been disappointing. In the metastatic setting, checkpoint inhibitors alone have not proven effective. Ongoing translational work is needed to further understand which patients may benefit from immune-oncology approaches with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy.

骨肉瘤是一种罕见的原发性骨肿瘤。治愈性治疗包括多药化疗和完全手术切除。尽管使用了多药化疗，但复发的风险很高。自 1980 年代以来，骨肉瘤患者的生存结果没有改变。基于生物学原理，人们对在前期治疗性化疗中加入免疫疗法感兴趣，包括米法穆肽（一种巨噬细胞激活剂）和干扰素。然而，迄今为止的结果令人失望。在转移性环境中，单独的检查点抑制剂尚未证明有效。需要进行持续的转化工作，以进一步了解哪些患者可能受益于标准细胞毒性化疗的免疫肿瘤学方法。