Evidence-based medicine (EBM) requires current best evidence to support treatment decisions for individuals.1 Despite substantial growth in EBM, medical practice continues to lag behind best evidence, and orthopaedics is no exception. In one study, American patients were only receiving about 57% of recommended care for orthopaedic conditions, indicating a research-to-practice gap.2 Orthopaedic research investigating surgical interventions is time consuming, costly and complex. Additionally, findings must reach a wide population of surgeons and patients to have impact. Researchers commonly rely on two main channels of dissemination: journal publication and conference presentations,3 often only reaching like-minded researchers and clinicians. Knowledge translation (KT) supports EBM and is the synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically sound application of knowledge to improve health care.4 Strong KT plans can help secure research funding, scale up interventions, strengthen the quality of research and widen the impact of important studies. A concerted effort to improve KT within orthopaedics has the potential for rapid improvement in the field, by narrowing the knowledge to action gap, influencing decision-makers, and ultimately improving patient outcomes. This editorial will walk readers through five key steps to develop feasible and effective KT plans to disseminate evidence-based best practices in orthopaedic surgery (figure 1). The steps are structured according to John Lavis’ five questions and organisation framework for effective translation of research knowledge5 (box 1). Figure 1 Five steps to creating an effective knowledge translation plan for research in orthopaedic surgery. Box 1 ### Five guiding questions for knowledge translation plans5

中文翻译：

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从研究到手术刀：骨科手术研究的知识转化

循证医学 (EBM) 需要当前的最佳证据来支持个人的治疗决策。1 尽管 EBM 大幅增长，但医疗实践仍然落后于最佳证据，骨科也不例外。在一项研究中，美国患者仅接受了约 57% 的推荐骨科护理，这表明研究与实践之间存在差距。2 调查外科干预的骨科研究耗时、昂贵且复杂。此外，研究结果必须覆盖广泛的外科医生和患者群体才能产生影响。研究人员通常依赖两个主要传播渠道：期刊发表和会议报告3，通常只接触志同道合的研究人员和临床医生。知识翻译 (KT) 支持 EBM，是综合、传播、知识交流和合乎伦理的应用以改善医疗保健。4 强有力的 KT 计划有助于确保研究资金、扩大干预措施、提高研究质量并扩大重要研究的影响。通过缩小知识与行动之间的差距、影响决策者并最终改善患者预后，共同努力改善骨科内的 KT 有可能在该领域快速改善。这篇社论将引导读者通过五个关键步骤制定可行且有效的 KT 计划，以传播骨科手术中基于证据的最佳实践（图 1）。这些步骤是根据约翰·拉维斯的五个问题和组织框架来组织的，以有效地翻译研究知识5（框 1）。图 1 为骨科手术研究制定有效的知识转化计划的五个步骤。框 1 ### 知识转化计划的五个指导性问题5