A durable MXene-based zinc ion hybrid supercapacitor with sulfated polysaccharide reinforced hydrogel/electrolyte,Journal of Materials Chemistry A

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A durable MXene-based zinc ion hybrid supercapacitor with sulfated polysaccharide reinforced hydrogel/electrolyte
Journal of Materials Chemistry A ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-06 , DOI: 10.1039/d1ta06974h
Haonan Cui ₁ , Hongyu Mi ₁ , Chenchen Ji _{1,

2} , Fengjiao Guo ₁ , Yanna Chen ₁ , Dandan Wu ₁ , Jieshan Qiu ₃ , Haijiao Xie ₄

Affiliation

Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) have emerged as promising equipment for energy storage applications due to their eco-efficiency, abundant natural resources, and high safety. However, the development of ZHSCs remains at the initial stage and substantial efforts regarding electrode materials and hydrogel/electrolytes are still needed for further enhancing the charge storage ability. Herein, a crumpled nitrogen-doped MXene wrapped with nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon (denoted as NMXC) was synthesized through a template-guided route for modulating the surface chemistry and expanding the inter-lamellar spacing of the MXene. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that the N-doping effect enhances the electronic conductivity of MXene and the MXene heterostructure with an N-doped carbon layer possesses an enlarged work function as compared with the pure MXene, which effectively prevents the electrochemical oxidation and enables stable operation at higher positive potential. For these reasons, NMXC exhibits a higher capacity and wider operating voltage window as compared with pure MXene, and better rate performance than melamine formaldehyde-derived N-doped carbon (NC). A dual crosslinked hybrid polymeric hydrogel/electrolyte (denoted as PAM-co-PAA/κ-CG/ZnSO₄) was also designed, which was obtained by forming intermolecular hydrogen bonds between ionic κ-carrageenan (denoted as κ-CG) double helix chains and the covalent poly(acrylic amide-acrylic acid) (denoted as PAM-co-PAA) main matrix. The test results show that the PAM-co-PAA/κ-CG/ZnSO₄ hydrogel/electrolyte possesses a higher ionic conductivity of 1.76 S m⁻¹, higher stretchability of 626.0%, and satisfactory compressibility. In addition, the quasi-solid-state ZHSC based on the NMXC cathode and PAM-co-PAA/κ-CG/ZnSO₄ hydrogel/electrolyte demonstrated a low self-discharge rate of 1.75 mV h⁻¹, a high capacity with 96.4% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles along with high energy/power densities of 54.9 W h kg⁻¹/3314.4 W kg⁻¹.

中文翻译：

具有硫酸化多糖增强水凝胶/电解质的耐用的基于 MXene 的锌离子混合超级电容器

锌离子混合超级电容器（ZHSC）由于其生态效率高、自然资源丰富和安全性高而成为有前途的储能设备。然而，ZHSCs的开发仍处于起步阶段，仍需要在电极材料和水凝胶/电解质方面进行大量努力以进一步提高电荷存储能力。在此，通过模板引导的路线合成了一种包裹有掺氮无定形碳的皱巴巴的掺氮 MXene（表示为 NMXC），用于调节表面化学并扩大 MXene 的层间间距。密度泛函理论 (DFT) 计算表明，N 掺杂效应增强了 MXene 的电子电导率，与纯 MXene 相比，具有 N 掺杂碳层的 MXene 异质结构具有更大的功函数，有效地防止了电化学氧化和可在更高的正电位下稳定运行。由于这些原因，与纯 MXene 相比，NMXC 具有更高的容量和更宽的工作电压窗口，并且比三聚氰胺甲醛衍生的 N 掺杂碳（NC）具有更好的倍率性能。双交联混合聚合物水凝胶/电解质（表示为 PAM- 与纯 MXene 相比，NMXC 具有更高的容量和更宽的工作电压窗口，并且比三聚氰胺甲醛衍生的 N 掺杂碳（NC）具有更好的倍率性能。双交联混合聚合物水凝胶/电解质（表示为 PAM- 与纯 MXene 相比，NMXC 具有更高的容量和更宽的工作电压窗口，并且比三聚氰胺甲醛衍生的 N 掺杂碳（NC）具有更好的倍率性能。双交联混合聚合物水凝胶/电解质（表示为 PAM-还设计了co -PAA/κ-CG/ZnSO ₄ )，它是通过在离子κ-角叉菜胶（表示为κ-CG）双螺旋链和共价聚（丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸）之间形成分子间氢键而获得的（表示为PAM- co- PAA) 主矩阵。测试结果表明，PAM- co -PAA/κ-CG/ZnSO ₄水凝胶/电解质具有1.76 S m ^-1的更高离子电导率、626.0%的更高拉伸性和令人满意的压缩性。此外，基于 NMXC 阴极和PAM- co -PAA/κ-CG/ZnSO ₄水凝胶/电解质的准固态 ZHSC表现出 1.75 mV h ^-1的低自放电率，10 000 次循环后具有 96.4% 容量保持率的高容量以及 54.9 W h kg ^-1 /3314.4 W kg ^{-1 的}高能量/功率密度。

更新日期：2021-10-21

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