Norway recently increased the effective levy used to fund its export promotion programme for whitefish by 21 per cent. Study results suggest the intensified programme is welfare increasing. The net social gain, defined as the difference between the increase in economic surplus associated with the increased advertising and the decrease in economic surplus associated with the increased effective levy, is estimated at between $20 million and $136 million per year, for a best-bet estimate $60 million. The associated benefit–cost ratio (BCR), defined as the ratio of the aforementioned changes in economic surplus, is estimated at between 11 and 71, for a best-bet estimate of 32. The BCR is invariant to the supply elasticity. The invariance property is useful as it implies that the BCR can be estimated using strictly demand-side information; there is no need to estimate the supply side of the market. The current levy of 0.75 per cent appears to be well below the levy that would maximise producer welfare.

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挪威白鱼出口促进计划的福利分析

挪威最近将用于资助其白鱼出口促进计划的有效征税提高了 21%。研究结果表明，强化计划正在增加福利。净社会收益，定义为与增加广告相关的经济盈余增加与与增加有效征税相关的经济盈余减少之间的差额，估计每年在 2000 万至 1.36 亿美元之间，这是最佳选择估计6000万美元。相关的收益成本比（BCR），定义为上述经济盈余变化的比率，估计在 11 到 71 之间，最佳估计值为 32。BCR 不受供给弹性的影响。不变性是有用的，因为它意味着可以使用严格的需求方信息来估计 BCR；市场供给端无需估计。目前 0.75% 的税费似乎远低于使生产者福利最大化的税费。