Oil palm fronds (OPFs) are generally cast off as solid waste, which comprise of unused valuable product, fermentable sugars that can be utilised for biohydrogen generation. The OPF juice consisting of mainly glucose, sucrose, xylose, and fructose (TC = 51.53g/L) was utilised as a substrate for biohydrogen production using local strain, Clostridium butyricum JKT37 in batch anaerobic fermentation. The aim of this research was to optimise the initial pH and total carbohydrate (TC) concentration with the addition of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) in OPF juice for enhanced biohydrogen yield (HY) and production rate (HPR). The optimal parameters obtained in this study were a pH of 6.5, 12.8 g/L TC, and 50 mg/L nZVI, which resulted in an optimum HY, HPR, and TC utilisation of 2.71 mol H₂/mol sugar, 88.75 mL_H2/L_OPF h⁻¹, and 88.28%, respectively. The optimised condition showed a 1.85-fold increase in hydrogen productivity as compared to the control (raw unadjusted OPF juice TC). The predominant acidogenic by-products were butyric, acetic, lactic, and formic acid. Although lactic acid is one of the major constituents of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), hydrogen production was feasible with the optimum level of factors. The HY and HPR improved by 45.39% and 85.20%, respectively, compared to fermentation of raw OPF juice. nZVI nanoparticle was used in this study as a catalyst in dark fermentation to improve biohydrogen production and accelerate the fermentation process. This study demonstrated that nZVI nanoparticle could effectively shorten the lag time and facilitated the hydrolysis and utilisation of OPFs.

油棕叶 (OPF) 通常作为固体废物丢弃，其中包含未使用的有价值产品、可用于生物制氢的可发酵糖。主要由葡萄糖、蔗糖、木糖和果糖 (TC = 51.53g/L) 组成的 OPF 果汁用作使用本地菌株丁酸梭菌JKT37 分批厌氧发酵生产生物氢的底物。本研究的目的是通过在 OPF 果汁中添加纳米零价铁 (nZVI) 来优化初始 pH 值和总碳水化合物 (TC) 浓度，以提高生物氢产量 (HY) 和生产率 (HPR)。本研究中获得的最佳参数是 pH 6.5、12.8 g/L TC 和 50 mg/L nZVI，这导致最佳 HY、HPR 和 TC 利用率为 2.71 mol H ₂/mol 糖，88.75 mL _H2 /L _OPF h ^-1和 88.28%，分别。与对照（未经调整的原始 OPF 果汁 TC）相比，优化条件显示氢气生产率提高了 1.85 倍。主要的产酸副产物是丁酸、乙酸、乳酸和甲酸。尽管乳酸是挥发性脂肪酸 (VFA) 的主要成分之一，但在最佳因素水平下产氢是可行的。与原 OPF 果汁发酵相比，HY 和 HPR 分别提高了 45.39% 和 85.20%。在这项研究中，nZVI 纳米颗粒被用作暗发酵的催化剂，以提高生物制氢的产量并加速发酵过程。该研究表明，nZVI 纳米颗粒可以有效缩短滞后时间，促进 OPFs 的水解和利用。