The role of heme oxygenase-1 in resisting oxidative stress and cell protection has always been a hot research topic. With the continuous deepening of research, in addition to directly regulating redox by catalyzing the degradation of heme, HO-1 protein also participates in the gene expression level in a great diversity of methods, thereby initiating cell defense. Particularly the non-canonical nuclear-localized HO-1 and HO-1 protein interactions play the role of a warrior against oxidative stress. Besides, HO-1 may be a promising marker for disease prediction and detection in many clinical trials. Especially for malignant diseases, there may be new advances in the treatment of HO-1 by regulating abnormal ROS and metabolic signaling. The purpose of this review is to systematically sort out and describe several aspects of research to facilitate further detailed mechanism research and clinical application promotion in the future.

血红素加氧酶1在抗氧化应激和细胞保护中的作用一直是研究热点。随着研究的不断深入，HO-1蛋白除了通过催化血红素降解直接调节氧化还原外，还以多种方式参与基因表达水平，从而启动细胞防御。特别是非经典的核定位 HO-1 和 HO-1 蛋白相互作用在对抗氧化应激方面发挥着战士的作用。此外，HO-1 可能是许多临床试验中疾病预测和检测的有希望的标志物。特别是对于恶性疾病，通过调节异常的活性氧和代谢信号，治疗HO-1可能会有新的进展。