The toxicological profile of particulates released from carbon fibre-reinforced composites (CFC) incorporating nanoadditives, under impact and fire conditions (e.g. aircraft crash), is unknown to date. Our aim was to investigate the effects of simultaneous impact and fire on the physicochemical features of the particles released from CFCs produced from a graphene oxide (GO)-reinforced epoxy resin and the consequences on its toxicological profile. CFC samples with (CFC+GO) or without GO (CFC) were subjected to simultaneous impact and fire through a specific setup. Soot and residues were characterised and their toxicity was compared to that of virgin GO. Virgin GO was not cytotoxic but induced pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. The toxicity profile of CFC was similar for soot and residue: globally not cytotoxic, inducing a pro-inflammatory response and no oxidative stress. However, an increased cytotoxicity at the highest concentration was potentially caused by fibres of reduced diameters or fibril bundles, which were observed only in this condition. While the presence of GO in CFC did not alter the cytotoxicity profile, it seemed to drive the pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress response in soot. On the contrary, in CFC+GO residue the biological activity was decreased due to the physicochemical alterations of the materials.

含有纳米添加剂的碳纤维增强复合材料 (CFC) 在冲击和火灾条件下（例如飞机失事），至今未知。我们的目的是研究同时撞击和燃烧对由氧化石墨烯 (GO) 增强环氧树脂生产的 CFC 释放的颗粒的物理化学特征的影响及其毒理学特征的影响。具有 (CFC+GO) 或不具有 GO (CFC) 的 CFC 样品通过特定设置同时受到冲击和火灾。对烟灰和残留物进行了表征，并将它们的毒性与原始 GO 的毒性进行了比较。Virgin GO 没有细胞毒性，但会诱导促炎和氧化应激反应。CFC 对烟灰和残留物的毒性特征相似：总体上没有细胞毒性，诱导促炎反应并且没有氧化应激。然而，最高浓度的细胞毒性增加可能是由直径减小的纤维或原纤维束引起的，只有在这种情况下才能观察到。虽然 CFC 中 GO 的存在并没有改变细胞毒性特征，但它似乎驱动了烟灰中的促炎和氧化应激反应。相反，在 CFC+GO 残留物中，由于材料的物理化学变化，生物活性降低。