El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability is accompanied by out-of-phase anomalies in the top-of-atmosphere tropical radiation budget, with anomalous downward flux (i.e., net radiative heating) before El Niño and anomalous upward flux thereafter (and vice versa for La Niña). Here, we show that these radiative anomalies result mainly from a sea surface temperature (SST) “pattern effect,” mediated by changes in tropical-mean tropospheric stability. These stability changes are caused by SST anomalies migrating from climatologically cool to warm regions over the ENSO cycle. Our results are suggestive of a two-way coupling between SST variability and radiation, where ENSO-induced radiative changes may in turn feed back onto SST during ENSO.

中文翻译：

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厄尔尼诺-南方涛动模式效应

厄尔尼诺 - 南方涛动 (ENSO) 变异伴随着大气顶部热带辐射收支的异相异常，在厄尔尼诺之前有异常向下通量（即净辐射加热），此后异常向上通量（和拉尼娜现象反之亦然）。在这里，我们表明这些辐射异常主要是由海面温度（SST）“模式效应”引起的，由热带平均对流层稳定性的变化介导。这些稳定性变化是由 SST 异常在 ENSO 循环中从气候凉爽地区迁移到温暖地区造成的。我们的结果表明 SST 变异性和辐射之间存在双向耦合，其中 ENSO 引起的辐射变化可能反过来在 ENSO 期间反馈到 SST。