Straw return can improve soil nutrient availability, but its interaction with phosphorus (P) fertilizer on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production and soil P availability has rarely been studied. Therefore, we carried out a four-year field trial to evaluate the effects of straw management (retention or removal) with P fertilizer (0, 22, 44, 66, 88 kg P ha^–1) additions on seed cotton yield, cotton P uptake, soil fertility, and P apparent recovery efficiency (PRE) in a continuous barley–cotton rotation system in a coastal saline soil field from 2016-2019. Our results showed that the year and the interaction of P fertilization and straw management had significant effects on seed cotton yield and boll numbers, but there was no significant effects of straw management and the interaction of P fertilization and straw management on seed cotton weight per boll. An increase in P activation coefficient (14-28%) was observed due to the higher soil available P content following straw retention compared to the straw removal. Compared with straw removal, straw retention reduced mineral P fertilization by about 27-38% without affecting seed cotton yield, while increasing PRE by 14‒27% over the four years. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, straw retention reduced the Langmuir P sorption maximum (Q_max) and maximum buffer capacity (BC_max), and also increased the degree of P saturation (DPS), but it did no effect on the soil adsorption equilibrium constant (k). Straw retention significantly decreased the soil Q_max compared to straw removal under 0, 22, and 44 kg P ha^–1, while no significant straw effects were found on Q_max under 66 and 88 kg P ha^–1. Cotton P uptake and seed cotton yield were negatively correlated with the Q_max (P<0.01). Our results suggest that straw return may be a promising management practice to reduce mineral P fertilization without significant loss of seed cotton yield on coastal saline lands.

秸秆还田可以提高土壤养分有效性，但其与磷（P）肥对棉花（Gossypium hirsutum L.）生产和土壤磷有效性的相互作用鲜有研究。因此，我们进行了为期四年的田间试验，以评估使用磷肥（0、22、44、66、88 kg P ha ^–1) 2016-2019 年沿海盐渍土田连续大麦-棉花轮作系统中籽棉产量、棉花磷吸收、土壤肥力和磷表观恢复效率 (PRE) 的增加。我们的结果表明，年份和磷肥与秸秆管理的交互作用对籽棉产量和铃数有显着影响，但秸秆管理和磷肥与秸秆管理的交互作用对籽棉单铃重无显着影响。 . 由于与秸秆去除相比，秸秆保留后土壤有效磷含量更高，因此观察到磷活化系数增加（14-28%）。与秸秆去除相比，秸秆保留在不影响籽棉产量的情况下减少了约 27-38% 的矿物磷肥，同时在四年内将 PRE 提高了 14-27%。_max）和最大缓冲容量（BC _max），也增加了磷饱和度（DPS），但对土壤吸附平衡常数（k）没有影响。与秸秆去除相比，在 0、22 和 44 kg P ha ^–1下，秸秆滞留显着降低了土壤 Q _max，而在 66 和 88 kg P ha ^–1下对 Q _max没有显着的秸秆影响。棉花吸磷和籽棉产量与Q _max呈负相关（P<0.01）。我们的研究结果表明，秸秆还田可能是一种有前景的管理实践，可以减少矿物磷肥，同时不会显着降低沿海盐碱地的籽棉产量。