Engineering Sb-based anode materials is the key to enhance their electrochemical performance for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) by solving the issues of the rapid capacity decay and poor rate capability. In this work, a nanoporous NiSb alloy (np-NiSb) with a three-dimensionally interconnected ligament-channel structure was synthesized by a facile dealloying strategy. As an anode for SIBs, the np-NiSb alloy exhibits excellent cycling performance, rate capability and stability with a reversible capacity of 334.6 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.2 A g⁻¹ after 100 cycles, 155.6 mAh g⁻¹ at 20 A g⁻¹ and a capacity retention rate of 97% after 100 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹. The nanoporous structure and the introduction of inactive Ni effectively tolerate the dramatic volume changes during the charge/discharge processes, restraining the pulverization of np-NiSb. The unique ligament-channel network structure with an average size of about 30 nm significantly shortens the ion transmission distance, ensuring the fast charge transfer at high rates. Operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the sodiation/desodiation mechanism of the np-NiSb anode during the discharge/charge processes. In addition, on-line differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) further explores the reaction mechanism of np-NiSb. This work highlights constructing nanoporous Sb-based alloys as an effective strategy to improve the performance of SIBs.

通过解决容量衰减快和倍率性能差的问题，工程锑基负极材料是提高钠离子电池（SIBs）电化学性能的关键。在这项工作中，通过简单的脱合金策略合成了具有三维互连韧带通道结构的纳米多孔 NiSb 合金（np-NiSb）。作为SIBs的负极，np-NiSb合金表现出优异的循环性能、倍率性能和稳定性，100次循环后的可逆容量为334.6 mAh g ^-1 0.2 A g ^-1，155.6 mAh g ^-1 20 A g ^{- 1}和在 1 A g ^{-1 下}循环 100 次后容量保持率为 97%. 纳米多孔结构和惰性镍的引入有效地耐受了充放电过程中剧烈的体积变化，从而抑制了 np-NiSb 的粉化。平均尺寸约30nm的独特韧带-通道网络结构显着缩短了离子传输距离，确保了高速电荷传输。操作数X射线衍射（XRD）揭示了np-NiSb阳极在放电/充电过程中的钠化/脱钠机制。此外，在线微分电化学质谱（DEMS）进一步探索了np-NiSb的反应机理。这项工作强调构建纳米多孔 Sb 基合金是提高 SIB 性能的有效策略。