Adolescents’ aggressive behavior has been often linked to biases in morality. However, limited knowledge is available regarding the relative strength of different moral correlates, both at the individual and class-level, in predicting different types of aggressive behavior over time. To address this gap, the present study tested the prospective associations of moral identity and moral disengagement with reactive and proactive aggression in a short-term longitudinal study. The sample consisted of 1158 Italian adolescents (48.7% females; M_age = 13.6 years, SD = 1.1). Participants completed self-report measures of moral identity, moral disengagement, perceived collective moral disengagement in the fall, and reactive and proactive aggression in the fall and in the spring. Multivariate multilevel analysis indicated that, at the individual level, after controlling for the stability of aggressive behavior, T2 (Time 2) reactive aggression was higher for students who reported lower moral identity and higher moral disengagement at T1 (Time 1). For proactive aggression, a significant interaction effect indicated that the negative association between T1 moral identity and T2 aggression was apparent only at high levels of T1 moral disengagement. Moreover, proactive aggression was significantly predicted by higher perceived collective moral disengagement. At the class-level, T1 collective moral disengagement helped explain between-class variability of T2 reactive and proactive aggressive behavior. How these results expand previous research on morality and aggressive behavior and their potential implications for prevention and intervention programs is discussed.

青少年的攻击性行为通常与道德偏见有关。然而，关于不同道德相关性的相对强度的知识有限，无论是在个人层面还是在阶级层面，随着时间的推移预测不同类型的攻击性行为。为了解决这一差距，本研究在一项短期纵向研究中测试了道德认同和道德脱离与反应性和主动性攻击的前瞻性关联。样本包括 1158 名意大利青少年（48.7% 的女性；M_年龄 = 13.6 年，标准差 = 1.1)。参与者完成了道德认同、道德脱离接触、秋季感知集体道德脱离以及秋季和春季反应性和主动性攻击的自我报告测量。多变量多水平分析表明，在个体层面，在控制了攻击行为的稳定性后，T2（时间 2）反应性攻击对于在 T1（时间 1）报告较低道德认同和较高道德脱离接触的学生来说更高。对于主动攻击，显着的交互作用表明，T1 道德认同与 T2 攻击之间的负相关仅在 T1 道德脱离接触的高水平时才明显。此外，更高的集体道德脱离感显着预测了主动攻击。在班级层面，T1 集体道德脱离有助于解释 T2 反应性和主动性攻击行为的类间变异性。讨论了这些结果如何扩展先前关于道德和攻击行为的研究及其对预防和干预计划的潜在影响。