High precision source characterization of intermediate mass-ratio black hole coalescences with gravitational waves: The importance of higher order multipoles,Physical Review D

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High precision source characterization of intermediate mass-ratio black hole coalescences with gravitational waves: The importance of higher order multipoles
Physical Review D ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-19 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.084068
Tousif Islam _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Scott E. Field _{2,

3} , Carl-Johan Haster _{5,

6} , Rory Smith _{7,

8}

Affiliation

Intermediate mass-ratio inspiral (IMRI) binaries—containing stellar-mass black holes coalescing into intermediate-mass black holes

(M > 100 M_{⊙})

—are a highly anticipated source of gravitational waves (GWs) for Advanced LIGO/Virgo. Their detection and source characterization would provide a unique probe of strong-field gravity and stellar evolution. Because of the asymmetric component masses and the large primary, these systems generically excite subdominant modes while reducing the importance of the dominant quadrupole mode. Including higher order harmonics can also result in a

10 % - 25 %

increase in signal-to-noise ratio for IMRIs, which may help to detect these systems. We show that by including subdominant gravitational-wave modes into the analysis we can achieve a precise characterization of IMRI source properties. For example, we find that the source properties for IMRIs can be measured to within 2%–15% accuracy at a fiducial signal-to-noise ratio of 25 if subdominant modes are included. When subdominant modes are neglected, the accuracy degrades to 9%–44% and significant biases are seen in chirp mass, mass ratio, primary spin, and luminosity distances. We further demonstrate that including subdominant modes in the waveform model can enable an informative measurement of both individual spin components and improve the source localization by a factor of

\sim 10

. We discuss some important astrophysical implications of high precision source characterization enabled by subdominant modes such as constraining the mass gap and probing formation channels.

中文翻译：

具有引力波的中等质量比黑洞合并的高精度源表征：高阶多极子的重要性

中等质量比螺旋（IMRI）双星——包含合并成中等质量黑洞的恒星质量黑洞

(米 > 100 米_{⊙})

- 是高级 LIGO/Virgo 备受期待的引力波 (GW) 源。它们的探测和源表征将提供一种独特的强场引力和恒星演化探测。由于不对称的分量质量和较大的初级，这些系统通常会激发次主导模式，同时降低主导四极模式的重要性。包括高次谐波也可能导致

10 % —— 25 %

提高 IMRI 的信噪比，这可能有助于检测这些系统。我们表明，通过将次主导引力波模式纳入分析，我们可以实现 IMRI 源特性的精确表征。例如，我们发现，如果包含次主导模式，在 25 的基准信噪比下，IMRI 的源属性可以测量到 2%–15% 的准确度。当忽略次主导模式时，精度会下降到 9% 到 44%，并且在啁啾质量、质量比、主自旋和光度距离中会出现明显的偏差。我们进一步证明，在波形模型中包含次主导模式可以实现对单个自旋分量的信息测量，并通过以下因素改善源定位