Localized prostate cancer shows great clinical, genetic and environmental heterogeneity; however, prostate cancer treatment is currently guided solely by clinical staging, serum PSA levels and histology. Increasingly, the roles of differential genomics, multifocality and spatial distribution in tumorigenesis are being considered to further personalize treatment. The human prostate is divided into three zones based on its histological features: the peripheral zone (PZ), the transition zone (TZ) and the central zone (CZ). Each zone has variable prostate cancer incidence, prognosis and outcomes, with TZ prostate tumours having better clinical outcomes than PZ and CZ tumours. Molecular and cell biological studies can improve understanding of the unique molecular, genomic and zonal cell type features that underlie the differences in tumour progression and aggression between the zones. The unique biology of each zonal tumour type could help to guide individualized treatment and patient risk stratification.

局限性前列腺癌表现出很大的临床、遗传和环境异质性；然而，前列腺癌的治疗目前仅受临床分期、血清 PSA 水平和组织学的指导。人们越来越多地考虑差异基因组学、多灶性和空间分布在肿瘤发生中的作用，以进一步实现个性化治疗。人类前列腺根据其组织学特征分为三个区域：外围区 (PZ)、过渡区 (TZ) 和中心区 (CZ)。每个区域都有不同的前列腺癌发病率、预后和结果，TZ 前列腺肿瘤比 PZ 和 CZ 肿瘤具有更好的临床结果。分子和细胞生物学研究可以提高对独特分子、基因组和带状细胞类型特征构成了区域之间肿瘤进展和侵袭性差异的基础。每种带状肿瘤类型的独特生物学特性有助于指导个体化治疗和患者风险分层。