Men who father their first child at a very young age are convicted of significantly fewer crimes in the first years after birth if the child is a son rather than a daughter. This leads to behavioral spillovers that reduce criminal convictions among other young men living in the same neighborhood, with the resulting crime multipliers affecting peers’ crime even after the primary impact on the focal individual has dissipated. Through social multipliers, prevention policies that target potential criminals at an early stage, therefore, lead to larger reductions in the cost of crime than suggested by primary effects alone.

中文翻译：

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儿童的性别、年轻父亲的犯罪和犯罪行为的溢出效应

如果孩子是儿子而不是女儿，那么在很小的时候就生下第一个孩子的男性在出生后的头几年里被定罪的罪行就会少得多。这会导致行为溢出，从而减少居住在同一社区的其他年轻人的刑事定罪，由此产生的犯罪乘数会影响同龄人的犯罪，即使对焦点个人的主要影响已经消散。因此，通过社会乘数，在早期阶段针对潜在犯罪分子的预防政策会导致犯罪成本的降低，而不仅仅是初级效应所建议的。