In Indonesia, 60 million people live within 1 km of state forest. The government of Indonesia plans to grant community titles for 12.7 million hectares of land to communities living in and around forests. These titles allow for using nontimber forest products, practicing agroforestry, operating tourism businesses, and selective logging in designated production zones. Here, we estimate the early effects of the program’s rollout. We use data on the delineation and introduction date of community forest titles on 2.4 million hectares of land across the country. We find that, contrary to the objective of the program, community titles aimed at conservation did not decrease deforestation; if anything, they tended to increase forest loss. In contrast, community titles in zones aimed at timber production decreased deforestation, albeit from higher baseline forest loss rates.

在印度尼西亚，有 6000 万人居住在距国家森林 1 公里范围内。印度尼西亚政府计划将 1270 万公顷土地的社区所有权授予生活在森林中和森林周围的社区。这些名称允许使用非木材林产品、从事农林业、经营旅游业务以及在指定的生产区进行选择性伐木。在这里，我们估计了该计划推出的早期影响。我们使用了全国 240 万公顷土地上社区森林所有权的划分和引入日期的数据。我们发现，与该计划的目标相反，旨在保护的社区所有权并没有减少森林砍伐；如果有的话，它们往往会增加森林损失。相比之下，旨在生产木材的地区的社区所有权减少了森林砍伐，