The Moon has a magmatic and thermal history that is distinct from that of the terrestrial planets¹. Radioisotope dating of lunar samples suggests that most lunar basaltic magmatism ceased by around 2.9–2.8 billion years ago (Ga)^2,3, although younger basalts between 3 Ga and 1 Ga have been suggested by crater-counting chronology, which has large uncertainties owing to the lack of returned samples for calibration^4,5. Here we report a precise lead–lead age of 2,030 ± 4 million years ago for basalt clasts returned by the Chang’e-5 mission, and a ²³⁸U/²⁰⁴Pb ratio (µ value)⁶ of about 680 for a source that evolved through two stages of differentiation. This is the youngest crystallization age reported so far for lunar basalts by radiometric dating, extending the duration of lunar volcanism by approximately 800–900 million years. The µ value of the Chang’e-5 basalt mantle source is within the range of low-titanium and high-titanium basalts from Apollo sites (µ value of about 300–1,000), but notably lower than those of potassium, rare-earth elements and phosphorus (KREEP) and high-aluminium basalts⁷ (µ value of about 2,600–3,700), indicating that the Chang’e-5 basalts were produced by melting of a KREEP-poor source. This age provides a pivotal calibration point for crater-counting chronology in the inner Solar System and provides insight on the volcanic and thermal history of the Moon.

月球具有不同于类地行星¹的岩浆和热历史。月球样本的放射性同位素测年表明，大多数月球玄武岩岩浆作用在大约 2.9–28 亿年前 (Ga) ^2,3停止，尽管陨石坑计数年代学表明存在 3 Ga 和 1 Ga 之间的较年轻的玄武岩，这具有很大的不确定性，因为到缺少用于校准的返回样品^4,5。在这里，我们报告了嫦娥五号任务返回的玄武岩碎屑的精确铅-铅年龄为 2,030 ± 400 万年前，以及²³⁸ U/ ²⁰⁴ Pb 比值（µ值）⁶对于通过两个分化阶段进化的来源，大约为 680。这是迄今为止通过辐射测定法报告的月球玄武岩最年轻的结晶年龄，将月球火山活动的持续时间延长了大约 800-9 亿年。嫦娥五号玄武岩地幔源μ值在阿波罗站低钛和高钛玄武岩范围内（μ值约300~1000），但明显低于钾、稀土元素和磷 (KREEP) 和高铝玄武岩⁷ ( µ值约为 2,600–3,700），表明嫦娥五号玄武岩是由贫 KREEP 源熔化产生的。这个年龄为内部太阳系的陨石坑计数年代学提供了一个关键的校准点，并提供了对月球火山和热历史的洞察力。