In grid-forming control, the swing equation of a synchronous machine is emulated by a power controller. Thereby, frequency droop, power-oscillation damping, and/or virtual inertia can be obtained. In this letter, it is shown that a phase-locked loop—which is normally grid following—can be designed so as to, in turn, emulate a generic power controller, thus, becoming grid-forming.

中文翻译：

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基于通用 PLL 的网格形成控制


在并网控制中，同步电机的摆动方程由功率控制器模拟。由此，可以获得频率下降、功率振荡阻尼和/或虚拟惯量。在这封信中，表明可以设计锁相环（通常是电网跟随），从而依次模拟通用功率控制器，从而形成电网。