This article presents a single-objective modulated model predictive control for a bidirectional dc–dc flying-capacitor (FC) converter in a microgrid. The presence of an FC facilitates the converter to integrate a low-voltage battery to a high-voltage dc bus at reduced voltage stress on its power switches. The converter in such a configuration demands a multiobjective controller to accomplish dc bus and FC voltage regulations and bidirectional power flow. The proposed controller realizes these multiple control objectives by determining the optimum duty ratio for the power switches using a single-objective cost function based on the battery current. In doing so, the converter realizes its multiple control objectives without weighting factors in the cost function and operates its power switches at a fixed switching frequency. The proposed controller also eliminates an additional control loop by utilizing an improved dynamic reference model to generate an appropriate battery current reference for the dc bus voltage regulation and bidirectional power flow. Finally, the proposed system is validated experimentally under step response of the dc bus voltage, load, PV power, and system parameter variations, and compared with a finite control set model predictive control to prove its effectiveness.

中文翻译：

---

直流微电网中多电平飞电容换流器的单目标调制模型预测控制

本文介绍了一种用于微电网中双向 DC-DC 飞电容 (FC) 转换器的单目标调制模型预测控制。FC 的存在有助于转换器将低压电池集成到高压直流总线，同时降低其电源开关上的电压应力。这种配置中的转换器需要一个多目标控制器来完成直流总线和 FC 电压调节以及双向功率流。所提出的控制器通过使用基于电池电流的单目标成本函数确定电源开关的最佳占空比来实现这些多个控制目标。这样做时，转换器无需在成本函数中加权因子即可实现其多个控制目标，并以固定开关频率操作其电源开关。所提出的控制器还通过利用改进的动态参考模型为直流总线电压调节和双向功率流生成合适的电池电流参考，从而消除了额外的控制回路。最后，在直流母线电压、负载、光伏功率和系统参数变化的阶跃响应下对所提出的系统进行了实验验证，并与有限控制集模型预测控制进行了比较，以证明其有效性。