Unveiling Sodium Ion Pollution in Spray-Dried Precursors and Its Implications for the Green Upcycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries,Environmental Science & Technology

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Unveiling Sodium Ion Pollution in Spray-Dried Precursors and Its Implications for the Green Upcycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-19 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05511
Jiadong Yu ₁ , Yanjun Liu ₁ , Shiping Han ₁ , Quanyin Tan ₁ , Lili Liu ₁ , Jinhui Li ₁

Affiliation

Unclear impurity pollution is one of the key scientific problems that limit the large-scale production of new lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from spent LIBs. This work is the first to report the pollution path, pollution degree, and solution method of sodium ions in the recycling process of spent LIBs in the real world. The results show that sodium ions can intrude into the precursor particles to form crystalline salts with the anion of the leaching acid that cover the transition metal elements, thereby resulting in a failed precursor. Specifically, the intrusion of sodium ions will produce a variety of pollutants containing metal oxide bonds, such as Na–O, NaO₂, and Na⁺–O₂, on the precursor surface. These active lattice oxygen will further adsorb or react to form organic oxygen, chemical oxygen, and free oxygen, which will highly deteriorate the surface cleanliness. Strictly controlling the consumption of sodium salt in each step and using ammonia instead of NaOH for pH regulation can effectively solve sodium ion pollution to prepare high-quality battery precursors. It reveals that for the green upcycling of spent LIBs, we should strengthen the design of the recycling process to reduce the consumption of chemical reagents, which will produce unexpected secondary pollution.

中文翻译：

揭示喷雾干燥前驱体中的钠离子污染及其对废旧锂离子电池绿色升级的意义

不明确的杂质污染是限制用废锂离子电池大规模生产新型锂离子电池（LIBs）的关键科学问题之一。该工作首次报道了现实世界中废锂离子电池回收过程中钠离子的污染路径、污染程度和溶解方法。结果表明，钠离子可以侵入前驱体颗粒，与浸出酸的阴离子形成结晶盐，覆盖过渡金属元素，从而导致前驱体失效。具体来说，钠离子的侵入会产生多种含有金属氧化物键的污染物，如Na-O、NaO ₂和Na ⁺ -O ₂, 在前体表面上。这些活性晶格氧会进一步吸附或反应生成有机氧、化学氧和游离氧，使表面清洁度大大恶化。严格控制每一步钠盐的消耗，用氨代替NaOH进行pH调节，可以有效解决钠离子污染，制备优质电池前驱体。揭示了废锂离子电池的绿色回收，应加强回收过程的设计，减少化学试剂的消耗，减少化学试剂的消耗，避免产生意想不到的二次污染。

更新日期：2021-11-02

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