Advancing the Design and Operating Conditions for Block Freeze Concentration of Urine-Derived Fertilizer,ACS ES&T Engineering

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Advancing the Design and Operating Conditions for Block Freeze Concentration of Urine-Derived Fertilizer
ACS ES&T Engineering ( IF 7.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-18 , DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.1c00271
Abraham Noe-Hays ₁ , Ryan John Homeyer ₁ , Arthur P. Davis ₁ , Nancy G. Love ₂

Affiliation

This paper is focused on evaluating the performance of a scalable block freezing device for concentrating aged, source-separated urine from a community-scale urine collection system that is used to create sustainable fertilizers. Temperature settings for two-stage freeze concentration were determined to be −6.5 °C during the first stage, −13 °C during the second stage, and 3.0–4.0 °C during the thaw stage. These temperatures reflect a smaller range than prior freeze concentration studies and have the potential to reduce energy consumption. The length of freeze and melt periods, the direction of heat transfer within the freeze chamber, and the orientation of the freeze chamber were varied to identify a preferred operating condition. The relative mass of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) was constant during processing, and all were concentrated up to 3.3 times in a single stage with 80% nutrient retention. An iterative mass balance analysis of a two-stage system that incorporated recycling retained 92% of nutrients and achieved a concentration index of 5.8. This experimental concentrator reveals performance and unique operational features that elevate freeze concentration as a scalable option for urine separation systems.

中文翻译：

推进尿源性肥料块冻浓缩的设计和操作条件

本文的重点是评估可扩展的块状冷冻装置的性能，该装置用于从用于生产可持续肥料的社区规模尿液收集系统中浓缩老化的、来源分离的尿液。两级冷冻浓度的温度设置在第一阶段确定为 -6.5°C，在第二阶段确定为 -13°C，在解冻阶段确定为 3.0-4.0°C。这些温度反映了比之前的冷冻浓度研究更小的范围，并且有可能降低能源消耗。改变冷冻和融化时间的长度、冷冻室内的热传递方向和冷冻室的方向，以确定优选的操作条件。在加工过程中，氮 (N)、磷 (P) 和钾 (K) 的相对质量是恒定的，并且全部在一个阶段浓缩至3.3倍，具有80%的营养保留。对包含回收利用的两阶段系统进行的迭代质量平衡分析保留了 92% 的养分，并实现了 5.8 的浓度指数。该实验浓缩器揭示了提高冷冻浓缩的性能和独特的操作特性，作为尿液分离系统的可扩展选项。

更新日期：2021-10-18

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