Abstract

In the first two centuries ce, the Roman senate transformed from an assembly of Italian landowners into a multi-regional group. The admission of thousands of provincials into Rome’s governing elite is often taken as evidence for the successful integration of subject populations. This article challenges such views of the senate as an inclusive institution. It shows that the overwhelming majority of non-Italian senators came from merely four (out of more than thirty) provinces: Baetica (in southern Spain), Narbonensis (Provence), Africa (the coastlines of Algeria, Tunisia and Libya) and Asia (western Anatolia). The elites of these regions entertained close links to Italy since the second century bce. In the first centuries ce, they acquired enormous wealth through predation, through investments in capital-intensive agriculture and through their ability to exploit state supply networks for their own benefit. The steep rise in the number of provincial senators should thus not be read as evidence for the large-scale participation of conquered groups in the imperial administration. Rather, it chiefly was a product of the new opportunities for wealth accumulation and exploitation generated by Roman imperialism.

中文翻译：

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资本积累、供应网络和罗马元老院的组成，公元 14-235 年*

摘要

公元前两个世纪，罗马元老院从意大利地主大会转变为一个多地区团体。数以千计的外省人被接纳为罗马的统治精英常常被视为主体人口成功融合的证据。本文挑战了将参议院视为一个包容性机构的这种观点。它表明，绝大多数非意大利参议员仅来自四个（超过三十个）省：贝蒂卡（西班牙南部）、纳博尼西斯（普罗旺斯）、非洲（阿尔及利亚、突尼斯和利比亚的海岸线）和亚洲（安纳托利亚西部）。这些地区的精英自公元前二世纪起就与意大利有着密切的联系。公元一世纪，他们通过掠夺、投资资本密集型农业以及利用国家供应网络为自己谋取利益的能力获得了巨额财富。因此，省议员人数的急剧增加不应被解读为被征服集团大规模参与帝国行政的证据。相反，它主要是罗马帝国主义产生的财富积累和剥削新机会的产物。