Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to afflict millions of people without respite. The relentless surge in infections is due to insufficient supplies of appropriate vaccines, the long incubation period and high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, and the lack of widespread detection and diagnosis. The development of low-cost rapid detection and sensing platforms will prove vital in the race to efficiently detect and diagnose COVID-19. Nanomaterial-based biosensors and detectors are particularly promising in this regard, with the potential to play a significant role in inhibiting the spread of COVID-19 by early detection. In this review, various schemes for the detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 are elaborated, with special emphasis on the unique advantages of nanomaterials for these niche applications. Moreover, smart nanomaterials, i.e., nanomaterials that respond to external stimuli by changing their physicochemical properties, are reviewed and evaluated for novel applications related to COVID-19 detection and diagnosis. The prospects of the reviewed materials and systems are discussed in detail, and a roadmap for future research and development is proposed.

摘要

COVID-19 大流行继续折磨着数百万人，没有喘息的机会。由于适当疫苗供应不足​​、SARS-CoV-2 潜伏期长、流行率高，以及缺乏广泛的检测和诊断，感染人数不断激增。事实证明，低成本快速检测和传感平台的开发对于有效检测和诊断 COVID-19 的竞赛至关重要。基于纳米材料的生物传感器和检测器在这方面特别有前途，有可能通过早期检测在抑制 COVID-19 传播方面发挥重要作用。在这篇综述中，详细阐述了 COVID-19 检测和诊断的各种方案，特别强调了纳米材料在这些利基应用中的独特优势。此外，智能纳米材料，即 通过改变其物理化学特性来响应外部刺激的纳米材料，针对与 COVID-19 检测和诊断相关的新应用进行审查和评估。详细讨论了审查的材料和系统的前景，并提出了未来研究和开发的路线图。