The dimensions, the geographical position and the complex geological history of the Iberian Peninsula makes it a unique and singular target to study its crustal and upper mantle structure and geodynamical evolution using geophysical methods. The lithospheric structure beneath Iberia has been investigated since the 1970’s using deep multichannel seismic reflection and refraction/wide-angle reflection profiling. Gravimetric and magnetic data were acquired following the deployment of permanent and temporary stations, mostly during the 1990’s. Beginning in the late 1990’s, the progressive use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) instruments contributed to monitor the present-day motions. During the last decades, numerous geological and geophysical surveys have investigated the Iberian lithosphere and upper mantle in the onshore and offshore regions, the most recent ones related to the TopoIberia project. The approach developed in this contribution is twofold. Firstly, we summarize the available geophysical information over Iberia, from focusing on the upper crust to the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary and the transition zone marking the bottom of the upper mantle. Results of GNSS data, potential fields, controlled source seismic profiles, magnetotelluric data, body and surface wave tomography, receiver functions and 2D and 3D lithospheric modeling are reviewed and compared. Secondly, we focus on the areas of greater geodynamic interest and the regions where inconsistencies within the geophysical results, or contradictions in their tectonic interpretation exist, identifying the major questions that are still under debate. Besides shedding light to the state of knowledge and pointing out present-day research challenges, this review provides a tool for the integration of the diverse geophysical datasets with the surface geology and geodynamical processes that are interpreted to have built the complex geology of the Iberian Peninsula.

伊比利亚半岛的规模、地理位置和复杂的地质历史使其成为利用地球物理方法研究其地壳和上地幔结构和地球动力学演化的独特目标。自 1970 年代以来，一直使用深多道地震反射和折射/广角反射剖面对伊比利亚下方的岩石圈结构进行研究。重力和磁力数据是在部署永久和临时站后获得的，主要是在 1990 年代。从 1990 年代后期开始，全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS) 仪器的逐步使用有助于监测当今的运动。在过去的几十年里，许多地质和地球物理调查已经对陆上和近海地区的伊比利亚岩石圈和上地幔进行了调查，最近的调查与 TopoIberia 项目有关。本贡献中开发的方法是双重的。首先，我们总结了伊比利亚上空的可用地球物理信息，从关注上地壳到岩石圈-软流圈边界和标志着上地幔底部的过渡带。对 GNSS 数据、势场、受控源地震剖面、大地电磁数据、体波和表面波层析成像、接收器函数以及 2D 和 3D 岩石圈建模的结果进行了审查和比较。其次，我们关注地球动力学兴趣更大的区域和地球物理结果不一致的区域，或者在它们的构造解释中存在矛盾，确定仍在辩论中的主要问题。除了阐明知识状况并指出当前的研究挑战外，本综述还提供了一种工具，用于将不同的地球物理数据集与被解释为构建伊比利亚半岛复杂地质的地表地质和地球动力学过程相结合.