Submarine volcanic eruptions can perturb the water surface and subsequently generate localized tsunamis. Herein waves are produced in analogous laboratory experiments by injections of non-condensable expanding air into fresh water. By varying source pressures, jet durations and water depths, we obtain two key results. There exists a saturation duration above which the maximum wave height will not increase as the eruption continues. Apart from in extremely shallow or deep water depths, this saturation duration is positively correlated with the source intensity and negatively with the water depth. There also exists a critical water depth where an eruption with a given source intensity can generate the largest waves. When an eruption lasts less than the saturation duration, increasing the eruption duration will increase the critical water depth and the corresponding maximum wave height. The saturation duration and critical water depth are the primary controls on tsunami size and hazard.

中文翻译：

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离散和持续的气体喷发产生的波对海底火山海啸的影响

海底火山喷发会扰乱水面，随后产生局部海啸。在此，在类似的实验室实验中，通过将不可冷凝的膨胀空气注入淡水中来产生波浪。通过改变源压力、喷射持续时间和水深，我们获得了两个关键结果。存在一个饱和持续时间，超过该持续时间最大波高不会随着喷发的继续而增加。除极浅或极深的水深外，该饱和持续时间与源强度呈正相关，与水深呈负相关。还存在一个临界水深，在该临界水深中，具有给定源强度的喷发可以产生最大的波浪。当喷发持续时间小于饱和持续时间时，增加喷发持续时间将增加临界水深和相应的最大波高。饱和持续时间和临界水深是海啸规模和危害的主要控制因素。