The existing literature on citizen–state interactions lacks variation, and new research must be conducted to better understand the consequences of such interactions. Using the theoretical frame of cop wisdom, defined as strategies that citizens change or adapt based on the circumstances of their previous interactions with police, interactions between individuals and police officers are interrogated utilizing the 2015 Police-Public Contact Survey. The existence of cop wisdom within these encounters is demonstrated, along with findings that consider the impact of race, class, and citizenship on aggressive behavior in police–citizen encounters.

中文翻译：

---

警察智慧和公民与国家互动的民主后果

现有的关于公民-国家互动的文献缺乏变化，必须进行新的研究以更好地理解这种互动的后果。使用警察智慧的理论框架，定义为公民根据他们以前与警察互动的情况改变或适应的策略，利用 2015 年警察-公众接触调查对个人和警察之间的互动进行了审问。证明了在这些遭遇中存在警察智慧，以及考虑种族、阶级和公民身份对警察与公民遭遇中攻击行为的影响的调查结果。