The frequent variable load operation of Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) may cause the mismatch with the hysteresis of gas flow and diffusion, which will lead to oxygen starvation in the stack. To improve this phenomenon, a PEMFC system model was established and simplified to a linear time-invariant system, and the optimal oxygen excess ratio (OER) curve under different currents was fitted with the control objective of maximal net power in this study. Based on this, this study compared the transient control performance under PID control and model predictive control (MPC), then unprecedentedly proposed the series and parallel coupling control algorithm of MPC and PID, respectively. Simulation results manifested that the OER responds rapidly under PID control, but along with the serious overshoot and oscillation. Conversely, MPC possesses a stable control effect owing to the ability to predict and constrain the system state. More importantly, under the parallel coupling control, the PEMFC system distinguishes itself in OER tracking, output power, and output voltage by critical superiorities of stability and response speed, in which, the error integrals ISE, IAE, ITAE, and ITSE of OER tracking reach the minimum with 0.19, 0.45, 2.85, and 0.59, respectively. The output voltage fluctuations of DC-DC converter under different control modes are similar, and errors are all less than 1%, besides, the current of the DC-DC converter is more stable under the parallel coupling control. Therefore, the parallel coupling control algorithm of MPC and PID has the optimal comprehensive control effects on improving oxygen starvation.

质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）频繁的变负载运行可能会导致与气体流动和扩散的滞后不匹配，从而导致电堆内缺氧。为了改善这种现象，建立了PEMFC系统模型并将其简化为线性时不变系统，将不同电流下的最佳氧过量比（OER）曲线与本研究中的最大净功率控制目标进行拟合。在此基础上，本研究比较了PID控制和模型预测控制(MPC)下的暂态控制性能，然后分别提出了MPC和PID的串并联耦合控制算法。仿真结果表明，在PID控制下，OER响应迅速，但伴随着严重的超调和振荡。反过来，MPC 具有预测和约束系统状态的能力，因此具有稳定的控制效果。更重要的是，在并联耦合控制下，PEMFC 系统在 OER 跟踪、输出功率和输出电压方面以稳定性和响应速度的关键优势脱颖而出，其中 OER 跟踪的误差积分 ISE、IAE、ITAE 和 ITSE分别以 0.19、0.45、2.85 和 0.59 达到最小值。DC-DC变换器在不同控制方式下的输出电压波动相似，误差均小于1%，而且在并联耦合控制下DC-DC变换器的电流更加稳定。因此，MPC与PID的并行耦合控制算法对改善缺氧具有最优的综合控制效果。