Aims Most cardiogenic shock (CS) studies focus on acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Contemporary data on temporal trends in patient characteristics, presumed causes, treatments, and outcomes of ACS- and in particular non-ACS-related CS patients are sparse. Methods and results Using nationwide medical registries, we identified patients with first-time CS between 2005 and 2017. Cochrane–Armitage trend tests were used to examine temporal changes in presumed causes of CS, treatments, and outcomes. Among 14 363 CS patients, characteristics remained largely stable over time. As presumed causes of CS, ACS (37.1% in 2005 to 21.4% in 2017), heart failure (16.3% in 2005 to 12.0% in 2017), and arrhythmias (13.0% in 2005 to 10.9% in 2017) decreased significantly over time; cardiac arrest increased significantly (11.3% in 2005 to 24.5% in 2017); and changes in valvular heart disease were insignificant (11.5% in 2005 and 11.6% in 2017). Temporary left ventricular assist device, non-invasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use increased significantly over time; intra-aortic balloon pump and mechanical ventilation use decreased significantly. Over time, 30-day and 1-year mortality were relatively stable. Significant decreases in 30-day and 1-year mortality for patients presenting with ACS and arrhythmias and a significant increase in 1-year mortality in patients presenting with heart failure were seen. Conclusion Between 2005 and 2017, we observed significant temporal decreases in ACS, heart failure, and arrhythmias as presumed causes of first-time CS, whereas cardiac arrest significantly increased. Although overall 30-day and 1-year mortality were stable, significant decreases in mortality for ACS and arrhythmias as presumed causes of CS were seen.

中文翻译：

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2005 年至 2017 年心源性休克后患者特征、推测原因和结果的时间趋势：基于丹麦注册的队列研究

目标 大多数心源性休克 (CS) 研究都集中在急性冠状动脉综合征 (ACS)。关于 ACS 尤其是非 ACS 相关 CS 患者的患者特征、推测原因、治疗和结果的时间趋势的当代数据很少。方法和结果 使用全国性的医学登记，我们确定了 2005 年至 2017 年间首次发生 CS 的患者。使用 Cochrane-Armitage 趋势检验来检查推测的 CS 原因、治疗和结果的时间变化。在 14 363 名 CS 患者中，随着时间的推移，特征基本保持稳定。作为 CS 的假定原因，ACS（2005 年 37.1% 至 2017 年 21.4%）、心力衰竭（2005 年 16.3% 至 2017 年 12.0%）和心律失常（2005 年 13.0% 至 2017 年 10.9%）随着时间的推移显着下降; 心脏骤停显着增加（从 2005 年的 11.3% 增加到 2017 年的 24.5%）；瓣膜性心脏病的变化并不显着（2005 年为 11.5%，2017 年为 11.6%）。随着时间的推移，临时左心室辅助装置、无创通气和体外膜氧合的使用显着增加；主动脉内球囊泵和机械通气的使用显着减少。随着时间的推移，30 天和 1 年死亡率相对稳定。出现 ACS 和心律失常的患者 30 天和 1 年死亡率显着降低，而出现心力衰竭的患者 1 年死亡率显着增加。结论 在 2005 年至 2017 年期间，我们观察到 ACS、心力衰竭和心律失常作为首次 CS 的假定原因在时间上显着减少，而心脏骤停显着增加。尽管总体 30 天和 1 年死亡率稳定，